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DermacinRx Cinlone-I

DermacinRx Cinlone-I

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  • 描述
  • 临床药理学
  • 临床研究
  • 适应症和用法
  • 禁忌症
  • 警告事项
  • 预防措施
  • 病人咨询信息
  • 药物相互作用
  • 不良反应/副作用
  • 过量
  • 剂量和给药
  • 供应/存储和处理方式

利多卡因和丙胺卡因奶油,2.5%/ 2.5%

非眼科用途。仅限于外用。

仅Rx

DermacinRx Cinlone-I说明

2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏是乳剂,其中油相是利多卡因和丙胺卡因的重量比为1∶1的低共熔混合物。该低共熔混合物的熔点低于室温,因此,两种局部麻醉剂均以液态油而非晶体形式存在。它包装在30克试管和5克试管中,以供医院使用。利多卡因在化学上被称为乙酰胺,2-(二乙氨基) -N- (2,6-二甲基苯基),在7.4的辛醇:水分配比为43,并具有以下结构:

Prilocaine在化学上被称为丙酰胺N- (2-甲基苯基)-2-(丙基氨基),在7.4的辛醇:水分配比为25,并具有以下结构:

每克2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏包含25毫克利多卡因,丙胺卡因25毫克,聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯(作为乳化剂),卡波姆934P(作为增稠剂),氢氧化钠,将pH调节至大约9,和纯净水。 2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜不含防腐剂,但是由于pH值,它通过了USP抗菌功效测试。利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的比重2.5%/ 2.5%约为1。

DermacinRx Cinlone-I-临床药理学

作用机理: 2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏在闭塞敷料下用于完好无损的皮肤,通过将利多卡因和丙胺卡因从乳膏中释放到皮肤的表皮和真皮层中以及通过积累角质层来提供皮肤镇痛作用。利多卡因和丙胺卡因在皮肤疼痛受体和神经末梢附近。利多卡因和丙胺卡因是酰胺类局部麻醉剂。利多卡因和丙胺卡因两者均通过抑制脉冲的引发和传导所需的离子通量来稳定神经元膜,从而实现局部麻醉作用。

由利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏提供的完整皮肤上皮肤镇痛的发作,深度和持续时间(2.5%/ 2.5%)主要取决于使用时间。为了为临床操作提供足够的镇痛作用,例如静脉内放置导管和静脉穿刺,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,应在闭塞敷料下应用2.5%/ 2.5%的效果至少1小时。为了为临床操作提供皮肤镇痛作用,例如分批植皮,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,应在闭塞敷料下使用2.5%/ 2.5%至少2小时。施用后1小时即可达到令人满意的皮肤镇痛效果,在2至3小时达到最大镇痛效果,并在去除后持续1至2小时。与施用于完整皮肤后相比,生殖器粘膜吸收更快,发病时间更短(5至10分钟)。在女性生殖器粘膜上使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏5-10分钟后,对氩激光刺激(产生剧烈的刺痛)的平均止痛时间为15至20分钟(个体) 5至45分钟范围内的变化)。

皮肤应用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏可能会导致短暂的局部变白,然后出现短暂的局部发红或红斑。

药代动力学:利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(2.5%/ 2.5%)是配制为水包油乳液的利多卡因2.5%和丙胺卡因2.5%的低共熔混合物。在这种低共熔混合物中,两种麻醉剂在室温下均为液体(请参见说明),与将每种结晶形式的成分分别以2.5%的局部用药方式给药相比,丙胺卡因和利多卡因的渗透和随后的全身吸收均得到增强。奶油。

吸收-从利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏中系统吸收的利多卡因和丙胺卡因的量分别为2.5%/ 2.5%,既与施用时间及施用面积直接相关。在两项药代动力学研究中,将60克利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,2.5%/ 2.5%(1.5克利多卡因和1.5克丙胺卡因)涂在大腿外侧400 cm 2的完整皮肤上,然后用闭塞敷料覆盖。然后将受试者随机分组,以使三分之二的受试者在3小时后去除闭塞性敷料并去除残留的乳霜,而其余受试者则将敷料放置24小时。这些研究的结果总结如下。

表1:从2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和普罗卡因乳膏中吸收的利多卡因和普罗卡因:正常志愿者(N = 16)

利多卡因和丙胺卡因奶油,2.5%/ 2.5%(g)


(厘米2

时间到
(小时)

药物含量
(毫克)

被吸收
(毫克)

最高温度
(微克/毫升)

最高温度
(小时)

60

400

3

利多卡因1500

54

0.12

4

丙胺卡因1500

92

0.07

4

60

400

24 *

利多卡因1500

243

0.28

10

丙胺卡因1500

503

0.14

10

*建议的最长曝光时间为4小时。

当在400 cm 2上施用60 g利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2.5%/ 2.5%,持续24小时时,利多卡因的峰值血药浓度约为全身毒性水平的1/20。同样,最大的丙胺卡因水平是毒性水平的约1/36。在一项药代动力学研究中,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏分别以0.5 g至3.3 g的剂量在2.5分钟/2.5%的20名成年男性患者的阴茎皮肤上使用15分钟。利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏后利多卡因和丙胺卡因的血浆浓度(本研究中的应用分别为2.5%/ 2.5%)始终较低(利多卡因为2.5-16 ng / mL,丙胺卡因为2.5-7 ng / mL)。将2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜涂在破裂或发炎的皮肤上,或吸收了两种麻醉药的2,000 cm 2或更高的皮肤上,可能导致血浆水平升高,在易感人群中可能产生全身药理反应。

在两项开放标签的临床试验中,研究了利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏对生殖器粘膜的吸收率分别为2.5%/ 2.5%。 29名患者接受10 g利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,分别在阴道前腔中使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因乳膏10-60分钟。利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏后利多卡因和丙胺卡因的血浆浓度为2.5%/ 2.5%,利多卡因的范围为148至641 ng / mL,丙胺卡因的浓度为40至346 ng / mL,达到最大浓度所需的时间(t max )利多卡因的范围从21到125分钟,丙胺卡因的范围从21到95分钟。这些水平远低于预期会引起全身毒性的浓度(利多卡因和丙胺卡因的浓度约为5000 ng / mL)。

分布-每种药物静脉内给药时,利多卡因的稳态分布体积为1.1至2.1 L / kg(平均1.5,±0.3 SD,n = 13),而稳态分布量为0.7至4.4 L / kg(平均2.6,±丙胺卡因1.3 SD,n = 13)。当给予等量的丙胺卡因和利多卡因时,丙胺卡因的较大分布体积产生较低的丙胺卡因血浆浓度。在使用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏产生的浓度为2.5%/ 2.5%的情况下,利多卡因约70%与血浆蛋白(主要是α-1-酸糖蛋白)结合。在高得多的血浆浓度(1-4 mcg / mL的游离碱)下,利多卡因的血浆蛋白结合是浓度依赖性的。普洛卡因与血浆蛋白结合率为55%。利多卡因和丙胺卡因均可通过胎盘和血脑屏障,大概是通过被动扩散。

代谢-利多卡因或丙胺卡因是否在皮肤中代谢尚不清楚。利多卡因被肝脏迅速代谢为多种代谢物,包括单乙基甘氨糖苷(MEGX)和甘氨糖苷(GX),这两种药物的药理活性均与利多卡因相似,但效力较利多卡因低。代谢物2,6-二甲苯啶具有未知的药理活性。静脉内给药后,血清中MEGX和GX的浓度分别为利多卡因浓度的11%至36%和5%至11%。普利卡因通过酰胺酶在肝脏和肾脏中代谢为各种代谢物,包括甲苯胺和Nn-丙基丙氨酸。它不会被血浆酯酶代谢。在几种动物模型中,甲苯胺代谢物均显示出致癌性(请参见“预防措施”的“致癌”小节)。另外,在全身性丙胺卡因剂量约8 mg / kg后,甲苯胺可产生高铁血红蛋白血症(见不良反应)。非常年轻的患者,6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏症的患者以及服用抗疟疾药物和磺酰胺等氧化性药物的患者更容易发生高铁血红蛋白血症(请参阅预防措施的高铁血红蛋白血症小节)。

消除-静脉内给药后,利多卡因从血浆中消除的终末半衰期约为65至150分钟(平均110,±24 SD,n = 13)。利多卡因吸收剂量的98%以上可以作为代谢产物或母体药物从尿液中回收。全身清除率为10到20 mL / min / kg(平均13,±3 SD,n = 13)。丙胺卡因的消除半衰期约为10至150分钟(平均70,±48 SD,n = 13)。全身清除率为18至64 mL / min / kg(平均值38,±15 SD,n = 13)。在静脉内研究期间,老年患者(2.5小时)的利多卡因消除半衰期在统计学上显着长于年轻患者(1.5小时)。关于老年患者丙胺卡因的静脉药代动力学尚无研究。

儿科-婴儿(1个月至<2岁)和儿童(2至<12岁)有一些药代动力学(PK)数据。在9名足月新生儿中进行了一项PK研究(平均年龄:7天,平均胎龄:38.8周)。研究结果表明,新生儿血浆利多卡因和丙胺卡因的浓度以及血液高铁血红蛋白的浓度与以前的儿科PK研究和临床试验中发现的相当。有高铁血红蛋白形成增加的趋势。但是,由于分析的局限性以及从新生儿身上收集的血液很少,因此发现上述报道的浓度存在很大差异。

特殊人群-未进行特定的PK研究。心脏或肝脏功能障碍的半衰期可能增加。普洛卡因的半衰期在肝或肾功能不全中也可能增加,因为这两个器官都参与了丙胺卡因的代谢。

临床研究

在欧洲的四项临床研究中,对200例患者进行了IV插管或静脉穿刺前成人使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的研究。施用至少1小时比安慰剂乳膏或氯乙烷提供更多的皮肤镇痛作用。 2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏与皮下利多卡因相当,但疗效不如皮内利多卡因。大多数患者发现利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的治疗优于利多卡因浸润或氯乙烷喷雾,治疗率为2.5%/ 2.5%。

在一项针对英国80名成年患者的开放标签研究中,在皮肤移植之前,利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜分别为2.5%/ 2.5%和利多卡因浸润为0.5%。分别使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2至5小时,可提供与利多卡因浸润相当的皮肤镇痛作用。

七项非美国研究(320例患者)和一项美国研究(100例患者)研究了2.5%/ 2.5%利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏在儿童中的应用。在对照研究中,在插入针头之前,无论有无术前药物,使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏至少1小时,比安慰剂可明显减轻疼痛。在7岁以下的儿童中,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的有效性分别比大龄儿童或成人低2.5%/ 2.5%。

在72位儿科患者(5至16岁)的面部波特酒斑痣的激光治疗中,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的使用率分别为2.5%/ 2.5%和安慰剂。 2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜可有效缓解激光治疗期间的疼痛。

将利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(分别为2.5%/ 2.5%)与利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(分别为2.5%/ 2.5%)相比较,然后在冷冻治疗之前将利多卡因浸润和利多卡因浸润单独用于去除男性生殖器疣。来自121位患者的数据表明,2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏不能作为唯一的麻醉剂来控制手术过程中的疼痛。利多卡因浸润前给予2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏可显着缓解与局部麻醉药浸润相关的不适感,因此仅在与局部麻醉药浸润结合使用时才可有效减轻手术过程中的疼痛利多卡因。

在105名足月新生儿(胎龄:37周)中对2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜进行了抽血和包皮环切手术研究。当考虑在新生儿中使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏时,主要关注的是活性成分的全身吸收和随后形成的高铁血红蛋白。在新生儿中进行的临床研究中,未报告利多卡因,丙胺卡因和高铁血红蛋白的血浆水平在预期会引起临床症状的范围内。

与利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏有关的局部皮肤效应,在这些对完整皮肤的研究中的应用率为2.5%/ 2.5%,包括苍白,发红和浮肿,并且本质上是短暂的(请参阅“不良反应” )。

在安慰剂对照临床试验中研究了80例患者在生殖器粘膜上使用2.5%/ 2.5%利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏进行轻微的浅表外科手术(例如,去除尖锐湿疣)(60例患者接受了利多卡因和丙胺卡因)霜,分别为2.5%/ 2.5%和20例接受安慰剂的患者。术前1至75分钟之间应用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(5至10克),中位时间为15分钟,为较小的浅表外科手术提供了有效的局部麻醉。 5至15分钟后,通过VAS评分测得的最大镇痛程度。在一项双盲,安慰剂对照研究中,对44位女性患者进行了双盲,安慰剂对照研究,研究了将利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2.5%/ 2.5%应用于生殖器粘膜作为局部麻醉药浸润的预处理(21例患者接受了利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2.5% /2.5%的患者中有23位接受了安慰剂治疗,计划在外阴或生殖器粘膜的外科手术之前进行浸润。在生殖器粘膜上使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜,持续5到10分钟,可产生足够的局部麻醉以进行局部麻醉剂注射。

剂量的个体化:提供有效镇痛作用的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的剂量分别为2.5%/ 2.5%,取决于治疗区域的施用时间。

所有药代动力学和临床研究均使用厚层的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,分别为2.5%/ 2.5%(1-2 g / 10 cm 2 )。静脉穿刺前的应用时间为1小时。采取分开厚度的皮肤移植物之前的施用时间为2小时。尚未研究较薄的应用,并且可能导致较不完全的镇痛或较短的适当镇痛持续时间。

利多卡因和丙胺卡因的全身吸收是所需局部作用的副作用。吸收的药物量取决于表面积和使用时间。全身血液水平取决于吸收的量和患者的体重(体重)以及全身药物清除的速率。应用时间长,治疗面积大,患者少或排泄障碍可能会导致高血脂。全身血液水平通常是产生毒性的血液水平的一小部分(1/20至1/36)。下表2给出了婴幼儿的最大推荐剂量,应用领域和应用时间。

表2:利多卡因和普罗卡因奶油,最大推荐剂量的2.5%/ 2.5%,施用面积和施用时间(按年龄和体重)*

适用于完整皮肤的婴儿和儿童

年龄和体重要求

最大总剂量
利多卡因和普罗卡因乳膏,2.5%/ 2.5%

最大
应用领域**

最大
申请时间

0至3个月或<5公斤

1克

10厘米2

1小时

3至12个月且> 5公斤

2克

20厘米2

4个小时

1至6年,> 10公斤

10克

100厘米2

4个小时

7至12岁,体重> 20公斤

20克

200厘米2

4个小时

请注意:如果一个大于3个月大的患者不符合最低体重要求,应将利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的最大总剂量限制为与患者体重相对应的2.5%/ 2.5%。

*这些是避免对全身皮肤完整且肾和肝功能正常的患者使用2.5%/ 2.5%利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏避免全身毒性的广泛指南。
**为了更个性化地计算利多卡因和丙胺卡因的吸收量,医生可以使用以下估算的儿童和成人利多卡因和丙胺卡因的吸收量:
利多卡因的估计平均吸收(±SD)为0.045(±0.016)mg / cm 2 / hr。
丙胺卡因的估计平均吸收量(±SD)为0.077(±0.036)mg / cm 2 / hr。

利多卡因的IV抗心律失常剂量为1 mg / kg(70 mg / 70 kg),血液水平约为1 mcg / mL。血液水平高于5 mcg / mL时,可能会产生毒性。对于虚弱的患者,小孩或排泄障碍的患者,建议较小的治疗范围。减少使用时间可能会降低止痛效果。

DermacinRx Cinlone-I的适应症和用法

2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(利多卡因2.5%和丙胺卡因2.5%的低共熔混合物)被指定为局部麻醉剂,可用于:

  • 正常完整的皮肤用于局部镇痛。
  • 生殖器粘膜用于浅表小手术和浸润麻醉的预处理。

由于在动物研究中观察到的耳毒性作用,当可能渗透或迁移到鼓膜之外进入中耳时,在任何临床情况下均不建议使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(请参阅警告)。

禁忌症

已知对酰胺类局部麻醉药或产品中任何其他成分敏感的患者,禁忌使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏。

警告事项

将2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜涂在比建议的更大的区域或更长的时间,可能会导致利多卡因和丙胺卡因的充分吸收,导致严重的不良反应(请参阅剂量个体化)。

使用III类抗心律不齐药物(例如胺碘酮,bre,舒他洛尔,多非利特)治疗的患者应密切监视并考虑进行ECG监测,因为心脏影响可能加重。

对实验动物(豚鼠)的研究表明,当将2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏滴入中耳时,具有耳毒性作用。在这些相同的研究中,仅在外耳道中接受2.5%/ 2.5%利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏暴露的动物没有表现出异常。当利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏可能渗透或迁移超出鼓膜进入中耳时,在任何临床情况下均不应使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏。

高铁血红蛋白血症利多卡因和丙胺卡因霜,2.5%/ 2.5%,不应该在那些罕见的先天性或特发性高铁血红蛋白血症,并在十二个月以下的婴儿谁是高铁血红蛋白诱导剂接受治疗。

非常年轻的患者或患有6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏症的患者更容易发生高铁血红蛋白血症。

服用与药物性高铁血红蛋白血症相关的药物的患者,例如磺胺类药物,对乙酰氨基酚,对乙酰苯胺,苯胺染料,苯佐卡因,氯喹,氨苯砜,萘,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐,硝基呋喃妥因,硝酸甘油,硝普钠,帕马奎尼,对氨基水杨酸,苯酚吗啡,伯氨喹,奎宁也有更高的发生高铁血红蛋白血症的风险。

有报道称,过量使用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(分别为2.5%/ 2.5%)后,婴儿和儿童中有高铁血红蛋白血症(20%至30%)。这些情况涉及使用大剂量,大于推荐应用范围的大剂量或未完全成熟的酶系统的3个月以下婴儿。另外,这些情况中的一些涉及高铁血红蛋白诱导剂的同时给药。去除乳霜后,大多数患者可自发恢复。如果需要,用亚甲基蓝IV处理可能是有效的。

告诫医生,以确保父母或其他护理人员了解需要小心使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的情况,以确保不超过表2中推荐的剂量和使用区域(尤其是在2岁以下的儿童中) (不超过3个月大),并将使用期限限制在达到所需麻醉所需的最短时间内。

如果可以迅速获得测试结果,应在应用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏之前,期间和之后监测3个月以下的新生儿和婴儿的Met-Hb水平,为2.5%/ 2.5%。

预防措施

概述:重复服用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏可能会增加利多卡因和丙胺卡因的血药浓度。对于可能对利多卡因和丙胺卡因的全身作用更敏感的患者,包括急病,虚弱或年老的患者,应谨慎使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏。

2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏不宜用于开放性伤口。应注意不要让2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏与眼睛接触,因为动物研究表明严重刺激眼睛。同样,保护性反射的丧失会导致角膜刺激和潜在的磨损。尚未确定结膜组织中利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的吸收率为2.5%/ 2.5%。如果发生眼睛接触,请立即用水或盐水冲洗眼睛,并保护眼睛直至感觉恢复。

对对氨基苯甲酸衍生物(普鲁卡因,丁卡因,苯佐卡因等)过敏的患者尚未表现出对利多卡因和/或丙胺卡因的交叉敏感性,但是,对于患有以下疾病的患者,应谨慎使用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2.5%/ 2.5%有药物敏感性史,尤其是在病因不确定的情况下。

患有严重肝病的患者由于无法正常代谢局部麻醉药,因此更有可能产生利多卡因和丙胺卡因的有毒血浆浓度。

利多卡因和丙胺卡因已显示抑制病毒和细菌生长。尚未确定2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏对疫苗皮内注射的作用。

患者须知:当使用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏时,分别使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,患者应意识到经皮肤镇痛的产生可能伴随被治疗皮肤的所有感觉阻滞。因此,患者应避免通过刮擦,摩擦或暴露在极高的温度或极低的温度下而对治疗区域造成意外伤害,直到完全感觉恢复为止。利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏2.5%/ 2.5%不应在眼睛附近或开放性伤口处使用,

药物相互作用:接受I类抗心律不齐药物(如tocainide和美西律汀)的患者应谨慎使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,因为其毒性作用具有累加性并可能具有协同作用。

在用已知会引起这种状况的其他药物治疗的患者中,普洛卡因可能会导致高铁血红蛋白的形成(请参阅“警告”的“高铁血红蛋白”小节)。

尚未进行与利多卡因/普洛卡因和III类抗心律不齐药物(如胺碘酮,,舒他洛尔,多非利特)的特异性相互作用研究,但建议谨慎(请参阅警告)。

如果将2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏与其他含有利多卡因和/或丙胺卡因的产品同时使用,则必须考虑所有制剂的累积剂量。

致癌,诱变,生育力受损

致癌作用-尚未进行旨在评估利多卡因和丙胺卡因致癌潜力的动物长期研究。

已显示丙胺卡因的代谢物在实验动物中具有致癌性。在下面报告的动物研究中,将剂量或血液水平与60 g利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏,2.5%/ 2.5%至400 cm 2的单次皮肤给药(SDA)进行比较,持续3小时对一个小人(50 kg) 。一次或两次静脉穿刺部位(2.5或5 g)的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的典型应用为2.5%/ 2.5%,成人的剂量为该剂量的1/24或1/12或大约相同的mg / kg婴儿剂量。

已显示丙胺卡因的代谢产物甲苯胺对小鼠(450至7200 mg / m 2 ; SDA的60至960倍)和大鼠(900至4,800 mg / m 2 ; SDA的60至320倍)的慢性口服毒性研究在这两种物种中,甲苯胺都是致癌物。肿瘤包括雌性小鼠的肝癌/腺瘤,两性的小鼠中多次发生血管肉瘤/血肿,多脏器的肉瘤,大鼠的两性中的移行细胞癌/膀胱乳头状瘤,男性的皮下纤维瘤/纤维肉瘤和间皮瘤大鼠,以及雌性大鼠的乳腺纤维腺瘤/腺瘤。测试的最低剂量(小鼠为450 mg / m 2 ;大鼠为900 mg / m 2 ,是SDA的60倍)在两种物种中均致癌。因此,无效剂量必须小于SDA的60倍。在小鼠中以150至2,400 mg / kg进行了动物研究,在大鼠中以150至800 mg / kg进行了动物研究。对于上述SDA计算,剂量已转换为mg / m 2

诱变-利多卡因HCl的诱变潜力已通过沙门氏菌的细菌反向(Ames)分析,使用人淋巴细胞的体外染色体畸变分析,小鼠体内微核试验进行了测试。在这些测试中,没有迹象表明诱变或染色体结构受损。

浓度为0.5 mcg / mL的丙胺卡因代谢产物甲苯胺在大肠杆菌DNA修复和噬菌体诱导检测中具有遗传毒性。在伤寒沙门氏菌中,在存在代谢激活的情况下进行检查时,用甲苯胺(300 mg / kg口服; SDA的300倍)处理的大鼠尿液浓缩物具有致突变性。其他几项对甲苯胺的测试均为阴性,包括在有或没有代谢激活的情况下在五种不同的伤寒沙门氏菌菌株中进行反向突变,以及一项检测V79中国仓鼠细胞DNA单链断裂的研究。

生育力障碍-见妊娠使用

在怀孕中使用:致畸作用:怀孕类别B。

已经在大鼠中进行了利多卡因的生殖研究,没有发现对胎儿有害的证据(皮下30 mg / kg; SDA的22倍)。已在大鼠中进行了丙胺卡因的生殖研究,但未发现生育力受损或对胎儿有害的证据(肌肉内300 mg / kg; SDA的188倍)。但是,尚无对孕妇的适当且对照良好的研究。由于动物繁殖研究并不总是能预测人的反应,因此利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏仅在明确需要的情况下,才应在妊娠期间使用2.5%/ 2.5%。

在接受皮下注射1:1(w / w)盐酸利多卡因和盐酸丙胺卡因的水性混合物的大鼠中进行了生殖研究。剂量分别为40 mg / kg,相当于SDA利多卡因的29倍和SDA丙胺卡因的25倍,未观察到致畸,胚胎毒性或胎儿毒性作用。

分娩和分娩:利多卡因和丙胺卡因都不禁忌分娩和分娩。如果将2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏与其他含有利多卡因和/或丙胺卡因的产品同时使用,则必须考虑所有制剂的累积剂量。

哺乳母亲:利多卡因,可能还有丙胺卡因,从人乳中排出。因此,当给哺乳母亲服用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏时,应谨慎行事,因为利多卡因的乳浆/血浆比例为0.4,而丙胺卡因的含量尚未确定。

儿科用途:利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的对照研究显示,在7岁以下的儿童中,利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏的比例分别为2.5%/ 2.5%,显示出其总体益处低于大龄儿童或成年人。这些结果说明了接受医学或外科手术的幼儿的情感和心理支持的重要性。

患有高铁血红蛋白血症相关疾病或治疗的患者应谨慎使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(请参阅警告的高铁血红蛋白血症小节)。

当使用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏时,在幼儿中,尤其是3个月以下的婴儿中,使用2.5%/ 2.5%的利多卡因和丙拉卡因乳膏时,必须注意确保护理人员了解需要限制剂量和使用范围,并防止意外摄入(请参阅剂量和管理与高铁血红蛋白血症)。

在新生儿(最小孕龄:37周)和体重不足20公斤的儿童中,应限制施用的面积和持续时间(请参阅剂量个体化中的表2 )。研究尚未证明利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏对新生儿足跟采血的功效为2.5%/ 2.5%。

老人用

在利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏临床研究的患者总数中,年龄在65岁至74岁之间的有2.5%/ 2.5%的患者为180%,年龄在75岁以上的有138位。在这些患者和年轻患者之间未观察到安全性或疗效的总体差异。其他报告的临床经验尚未发现老年患者和年轻患者之间反应的差异,但是不能排除某些老年患者的敏感性更高。

在应用厚层的利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏(2.5%/ 2.5%)后,老年和非老年患者的利多卡因和丙胺卡因的血浆水平非常低,远低于潜在的毒性水平。然而,没有足够的数据来评估在应用利多卡因和丙胺卡因乳膏后,老年和非老年患者之间利多卡因和丙胺卡因全身血浆水平的定量差异,分别为2.5%/ 2.5%。对于那些对全身吸收敏感性增强的老年患者,应予以考虑。 (请参阅预防措施)。

静脉给药后,老年患者(2.5小时)的利多卡因消除半衰期显着长于年轻患者(1.5小时)。 (请参阅临床药理学)。

不良反应

Localized Reactions: During or immediately after treatment with lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% on intact skin, the skin at the site of treatment may develop erythema or edema or may be the locus of abnormal sensation. Rare cases of discrete purpuric or petechial reactions at the application site have been reported. Rare cases of hyperpigmentation following the use of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% have been reported. The relationship to lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% or the underlying procedure has not been established. In clinical studies on intact skin involving over 1,300 lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%-treated subjects, one or more such local reactions were noted in 56% of patients, and were generally mild and transient, resolving spontaneously within 1 or 2 hours. There were no serious reactions which were ascribed to lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%.

Two recent reports describe blistering on the foreskin in neonates about to undergo circumcision. Both neonates received 1 g of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%.

In patients treated with lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% on intact skin, local effects observed in the trials included: paleness (pallor or blanching) 37%, redness (erythema) 30%, alterations in temperature sensations 7%, edema 6%, itching 2% and rash, less than 1%.

In clinical studies on genital mucous membranes involving 378 lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%-treated patients, one or more application site reactions, usually mild and transient, were noted in 41% of patients. The most common application site reactions were redness (21%), burning sensation (17%) and edema (10%).

Allergic Reactions: Allergic and anaphylactoid reactions associated with lidocaine or prilocaine can occur. They are characterized by urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock. If they occur they should be managed by conventional means.通过皮肤测试来检测敏感性具有可疑的价值。

Systemic (Dose Related) Reactions: Systemic adverse reactions following appropriate use of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% are unlikely due to the small dose absorbed (see Pharmacokinetics subsection of CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ). Systemic adverse effects of lidocaine and/or prilocaine are similar in nature to those observed with other amide local anesthetic agents including CNS excitation and/or depression (light-headedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, respiratory depression and arrest). Excitatory CNS reactions may be brief or not occur at all, in which case the first manifestation may be drowsiness merging into unconsciousness. Cardiovascular manifestations may include bradycardia, hypotension and cardiovascular collapse leading to arrest.

过量

Peak blood levels following a 60 g application to 400 cm 2 of intact skin for 3 hours are 0.05 to 0.16 mcg/mL for lidocaine and 0.02 to 0.10 mcg/mL for prilocaine. Toxic levels of lidocaine (>5 mcg/mL) and/or prilocaine (>6 mcg/mL) cause decreases in cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. These changes may be attributable to direct depressant effects of these local anesthetic agents on the cardiovascular system. In the absence of massive topical overdose or oral ingestion, evaluation should include evaluation of other etiologies for the clinical effects or overdosage from other sources of lidocaine, prilocaine or other local anesthetics. Consult the package inserts for parenteral Xylocaine (lidocaine HCl) or Citanest (prilocaine HCl) for further information for the management of overdose.

DermacinRx Cinlone-I Dosage and Administration

Adult Patients-Intact Skin

A thick layer of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% is applied to intact skin and covered with an occlusive dressing.

Minor Dermal Procedures: For minor procedures such as intravenous cannulation and venipuncture, apply 2.5 grams (1/2 the 5 g tube) of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% over 20 to 25 cm 2 of skin surface for at least 1 hour. In controlled clinical trials using lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%, two sites were usually prepared in case there was a technical problem with cannulation or venipuncture at the first site.

Major Dermal Procedures: For more painful dermatological procedures involving a larger skin area such as split thickness skin graft harvesting, apply 2 grams of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% per 10 cm 2 of skin and allow to remain in contact with the skin for at least 2 hours.

Adult Male Genital Skin: As an adjunct prior to local anesthetic infiltration, apply a thick layer of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% (1 g/10 cm 2 ) to the skin surface for 15 minutes. Local anesthetic infiltration should be performed immediately after removal of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%.

Dermal analgesia can be expected to increase for up to 3 hours under occlusive dressing and persist for 1 to 2 hours after removal of the cream. The amount of lidocaine and prilocaine absorbed during the period of application can be estimated from the information in Table 2 , ** footnote, in Individualization of Dose.

Adult Female Patients-Genital Mucous Membranes

For minor procedures on the female external genitalia, such as removal of condylomata acuminata, as well as for use as pretreatment for anesthetic infiltration, apply a thick layer (5-10 grams) of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% for 5 to 10 minutes.

Occlusion is not necessary for absorption, but may be helpful to keep the cream in place. Patients should be lying down during the lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% application, especially if no occlusion is used. The procedure or the local anesthetic infiltration should be performed immediately after the removal of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%.

Pediatric Patients-Intact Skin

The following are the maximum recommended doses, application areas and application times for lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% based on a child's age and weight:
Practitionersshould carefully instruct caregivers to avoid application of excessive amounts of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% (see PRECAUTIONS ).

Age and Body Weight Requirements

Maximum total Dose of
Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, 2.5%/2.5%

Maximum
Application Area

Maximum
Application Time

0 up to 3 months or <5 kg

1g

10 cm 2

1 hour

3 up to 12 months and >5 kg

2g

20 cm 2

4 hours

1 to 6 years and >10 kg

10g

100 cm 2

4 hours

7 to 12 years and >20 kg

20g

200 cm 2

4 hours

Please note: If a patient greater than 3 months old does not meet the minimum weight requirement, the maximum total dose of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% should be restricted to that which corresponds to the patient's weight.

When applying lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% to the skin of young children, care must be taken to maintain careful observation of the child to prevent accidental ingestion of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% or the occlusive dressing. A secondary protective covering to prevent inadvertent disruption of the application site may be useful.

Lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% should not be used in neonates with a gestational age less than 37 weeks nor in infants under the age of 12 months who are receiving treatment with methemoglobin -inducing agents (see Methemoglobinemia subsection of WARNINGS ).

When lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% is used concomitantly with other products containing local anesthetic agents, the amount absorbed from all formulations must be considered (see Individualization of Dose ). The amount absorbed in the case of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% is determined by the area over which it is applied and the duration of application under occlusion (see Table 2 , ** footnote , in Individualization of Dose ).

Although the incidence of systemic adverse reactions with lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% is very low, caution should be exercised, particularly when applying it over large areas and leaving it on for longer than 2 hours. The incidence of systemic adverse reactions can be expected to be directly proportional to the area and time of exposure (see Individualization of Dose ).

How is DermacinRx Cinlone-I Supplied

Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, 2.5%/2.5% is available as follows:

NDC 0168-0357-05 5 gram tube

NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC USE.

KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED AT ALL TIMES WHEN NOT IN USE.

WARNING: Keep out of reach of children.

Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature).

INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICATION

Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, 2.5%/2.5%

NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC USE.
FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY.

仅Rx

1.In adults, apply 2.5 g of cream per 20 to 25 cm 2 (approx. 2 in. by 2 in.) of skin in a thick layer at the site of the procedure. For pediatric patients, apply ONLY as prescribed by your physician. If your child is below the age of 3 months or small for their age, please inform your doctor before applying lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%, which can be harmful, if applied over too much skin at one time in young children. If your child becomes very dizzy, excessively sleepy, or develops duskiness of the face or lips after applying lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%, remove the cream and contact your physician at once.

2.Take the dressing (may be supplied in this package) or other occlusive dressing and remove the center cut-out piece.

3.Peel the paper liner from the dressing. (Instructions continued on reverse side.)

4.Cover the lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% so that you get a thick layer underneath. Do not spread out the cream. Smooth down the dressing edges carefully and ensure it is secure to avoid leakage. (This is especially important when the patient is a child.)

5.The time of application can be marked directly on the occlusive dressing. Lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5% must be applied at least 1 hour before the start of a routine procedure and for 2 hours before the start of a painful procedure.

6.Remove the occlusive dressing, wipe off the lidocaine and prilocaine cream, 2.5%/2.5%, clean the entire area with an antiseptic solution and prepare the patient for the procedure. The duration of effective skin anesthesia will be at least 1 hour after removal of the occlusive dressing.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not apply near eyes or on open wounds.

2. Keep out of reach of children.

NOT FOR USE IN NEONATES
CONTAINS BENZYL ALCOHOL

For Intramuscular or Intra-articular Use Only
NOT FOR INTRAVENOUS, INTRADERMAL, INTRAOCULAR, EPIDURAL, OR INTRATHECAL USE

DermacinRx Cinlone-I Description

Kenalog ® -40 Injection (triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, USP) is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory action. THIS FORMULATION IS SUITABLE FOR INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRA-ARTICULAR USE ONLY. THIS FORMULATION IS NOT FOR INTRADERMAL INJECTION.

Each mL of the sterile aqueous suspension provides 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide, with 0.66% sodium chloride for isotonicity, 0.99% (w/v) benzyl alcohol as a preservative, 0.63% carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and 0.04% polysorbate 80. Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid may be present to adjust pH to 5.0 to 7.5. At the time of manufacture, the air in the container is replaced by nitrogen.

The chemical name for triamcinolone acetonide is 9-Fluoro-11β,16α,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone.其结构式为:

MW 434.50

Triamcinolone acetonide occurs as a white to cream-colored, crystalline powder having not more than a slight odor and is practically insoluble in water and very soluble in alcohol.

DermacinRx Cinlone-I - Clinical Pharmacology

糖皮质激素是天然存在的和合成的,是容易从胃肠道吸收的肾上腺皮质类固醇。

天然存在的糖皮质激素(氢化可的松和可的松),也具有保留盐的特性,被用作肾上腺皮质缺乏症的替代疗法。 Synthetic analogs such as triamcinolone are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems.

Kenalog-40 Injection has an extended duration of effect which may be sustained over a period of several weeks. Studies indicate that following a single intramuscular dose of 60 mg to 100 mg of triamcinolone acetonide, adrenal suppression occurs within 24 to 48 hours and then gradually returns to normal, usually in 30 to 40 days. This finding correlates closely with the extended duration of therapeutic action achieved with the drug.

肌内


Where oral therapy is not feasible, injectable corticosteroid therapy, including Kenalog-40 Injection (triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, USP) is indicated for intramuscular use as follows:

Allergic states: Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment in asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness, transfusion reactions.

Dermatologic diseases: Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, exfoliative erythroderma, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus, severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).

Endocrine disorders: Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the drug of choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy, mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia associated with cancer, nonsuppurative thyroiditis.

Gastrointestinal diseases: To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis.

Hematologic disorders: Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, pure red cell aplasia, selected cases of secondary thrombocytopenia.

Miscellaneous: Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement, tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy.

Neoplastic diseases: For the palliative management of leukemias and lymphomas.

Nervous system: Acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis; cerebral edema associated with primary or metastatic brain tumor or craniotomy.

Ophthalmic diseases: Sympathetic ophthalmia, temporal arteritis, uveitis, and ocular inflammatory conditions unresponsive to topical corticosteroids.

Renal diseases: To induce diuresis or remission of proteinuria in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or that due to lupus erythematosus.

Respiratory diseases: Berylliosis, fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy, idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonias, symptomatic sarcoidosis.

Rheumatic disorders: As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in acute gouty arthritis; acute rheumatic carditis; ankylosing spondylitis; psoriatic arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy).用于治疗皮肌炎,多肌炎和系统性红斑狼疮。

Intra-Articular

The intra-articular or soft tissue administration of Kenalog-40 Injection is indicated as adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in acute gouty arthritis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, epicondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, or osteoarthritis.

禁忌症

Kenalog-40 Injection is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any components of this product (see WARNINGS: General ).

Intramuscular corticosteroid preparations are contraindicated for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

警告

Serious Neurologic Adverse Reactions with Epidural Administration

Serious neurologic events, some resulting in death, have been reported with epidural injection of corticosteroids (see WARNINGS: Neurologic ). Specific events reported include, but are not limited to, spinal cord infarction, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cortical blindness, and stroke. These serious neurologic events have been reported with and without use of fluoroscopy. The safety and effectiveness of epidural administration of corticosteroids have not been established, and corticosteroids are not approved for this use.

一般

Exposure to excessive amounts of benzyl alcohol has been associated with toxicity (hypotension, metabolic acidosis), particularly in neonates, and an increased incidence of kernicterus, particularly in small preterm infants. There have been rare reports of deaths, primarily in preterm infants, associated with exposure to excessive amounts of benzyl alcohol. Th