(这是我的罪恶)
可用时提供的辅料信息(有限,尤其是仿制药);咨询特定的产品标签。 [DSC] =停产的产品
口服的胶囊延迟释放颗粒,为基础:
一般:250毫克
重组溶液,静脉注射,为乳酸盐(不含防腐剂):
乳酸扁豆酸酯:500毫克(1 ea)
口服混悬剂,琥珀酸乙酯:
EES颗粒:200 mg / 5 mL(100 mL,200 mL)[樱桃味]
EryPed 200:200 mg / 5 mL(100 mL)[水果味]
EryPed 400:400 mg / 5 mL(100 mL)[香蕉味]
通用:200 mg / 5 mL(100 mL,200 mL); 400毫克/ 5毫升(100毫升)
口服混悬剂,琥珀酸乙酯[不含防腐剂]:
通用:200 mg / 5 mL(100 mL)
平板电脑(口服)为基础:
一般:250毫克,500毫克
片剂,口服,琥珀酸乙酯形式:
EES 400:400 mg [DSC] [包含fd&c红#40,fd&c黄#10(喹啉黄)]
一般:400毫克
片剂,口服,硬脂酸酯形式:
硬脂酸赤藓红:250 mg [包含玉米淀粉]
平板电脑延迟发布,口服,依据:
Ery-Tab:250 mg,333 mg,500 mg
PCE:333毫克[DSC]
PCE:500毫克[DSC] [无染料,无人造色素]
通用:250 mg,333 mg,500 mg
在链延长步骤抑制RNA依赖的蛋白质合成;与50S核糖体亚基结合,导致转肽作用受阻
口服:易变,但盐形式比碱形式更好; 18%至45%;琥珀酸乙酯可以更好地被食物吸收(Thompson 1980)。
真空度d :0.64 L / kg
从血液到脑脊液的相对扩散:即使发生炎症也最小
脑脊液:血液水平比率:正常脑膜:2%至13%;脑膜发炎:7%至25%
主要通过肝脏CYP3A4脱甲基
主要是粪便;尿液(未改变药物的2%至15%)
血清:基础:4小时;琥珀酸乙酯:0.5至2.5小时;硬脂酸盐:3小时(Steigbigel 2000);由于吸收差异而延迟进食
新生儿(≤15天):2.1小时;成人:高峰:1.5-2小时;终末期肾脏疾病:5-6小时
基数:73%至81%
细菌感染:易感细菌感染的治疗,包括化脓性链球菌,一些肺炎链球菌,一些金黄色葡萄球菌,肺炎支原体,军团菌肺炎,白喉,百日咳,衣原体,红斑,淋病奈瑟氏球菌,溶血性大肠杆菌,梅毒和非梅毒尿道炎和弯曲杆菌肠胃炎;与新霉素联用,用于肠道净化
手术(术前)预防(结直肠):在进行外科手术之前,结合其他药物进行结直肠净化
根据美国皮肤病学会治疗寻常痤疮的护理指南,口服红霉素与局部治疗相结合可被视为中度和重度痤疮以及对局部治疗有抵抗力的炎症性痤疮的治疗选择。但是,由于细菌耐药性的风险增加,因此应限制使用它,并且仅限于不能接受四环素治疗的患者(例如孕妇)。应与全身性抗生素治疗(例如口服红霉素)同时使用过氧化苯甲酰或类维生素A进行局部治疗,并在完成口服抗生素疗程后继续维持治疗[AAD [Zaenglein 2016]] 。
根据美国传染病学会(IDSA)的皮肤和软组织感染(SSTI)诊断和管理指南,可以考虑使用红霉素治疗皮肤细菌性血管瘤病。指南指出,尚未对治疗进行系统的检查,根据病例报告和小样本研究,红霉素似乎是有效的[IDSA [Stevens 2014]] 。
一项针对少数患者的研究数据表明,红霉素可能有益于Bartonella spp感染的治疗[Koehler 1992] , [Tappero 1993] 。基于临床经验的专家意见建议也暗示了红霉素在治疗这种疾病中的作用[Rolain 2004] 。
根据美国卫生和公共服务部(HHS)预防和治疗HIV感染的成人和青少年的机会感染指南,红霉素是推荐的有效药物,可用于治疗细菌性血管瘤病,肝硬化,肝炎,菌血症,骨髓炎和其他青少年和成人HIV感染者中的Bartonella引起的严重感染(CNS感染或心内膜炎除外) [HHS [OI Adult 2020] 。
根据疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的性传播疾病治疗指南,红霉素(碱)是有效的,建议用于治疗由于杜克氏杆菌引起的类roid虫。然而,已经报道了几种分离株对红霉素的中等抗性。在开始治疗类c虫的治疗时应考虑潜在的耐药性问题[CDC [Workowski 2015] 。
来自2项随机,双盲,安慰剂对照试验和一项前瞻性,随机,对照但非盲法试验的数据支持使用红霉素预防慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)恶化[He 2010] , [Seemungal 2008] , [Suzuki 2001] 。此外,来自荟萃分析的数据支持预防红霉素预防COPD急性加重[Donath 2013] 。
根据欧洲呼吸学会和美国胸科协会预防COPD急性加重指南以及《慢性阻塞性肺病诊断,管理和预防全球慢性病倡议》(GOLD),红霉素是有效的,推荐用于尽管采用了最佳的维持吸入疗法,仍可预防中重度COPD患者的病情加重[GOLD 2019] , [Wedzicha 2017] 。
来自4项小型随机,对照研究的数据支持急性上消化道出血患者内镜检查前通过减少胃中的血液量来使用IV红霉素作为促运动剂来改善检查质量[Altraif 2011] [Carbonell 2006 ] , [Coffin 2002] , [Frossard 2002] 。两项荟萃分析还支持在食管胃十二指肠镜检查(EGD)之前使用静脉注射红霉素作为促运动剂,以减少急性上消化道出血患者第二次内镜检查的需要[Bai 2011] , [Barkun 2010] 。
根据美国胃肠病学学会胃轻瘫的治疗指南,红霉素是有效的,推荐用于胃轻瘫的治疗[ACG [Camilleri 2013] 。
根据CDC性传播疾病治疗指南,当不适合使用阿奇霉素时,红霉素(碱)有效且建议用于治疗腹股沟肉芽肿[CDC [Workowski 2015] 。
对红霉素,任何大环内酯类抗生素或制剂中的任何成分过敏
与匹莫齐,西沙必利,麦角胺或二氢麦角胺,特非那定,阿司咪唑,洛伐他汀或辛伐他汀同时使用
注意: PCE平板电脑在美国已停产1年以上。
注意:由于吸收差异,400毫克红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯产生的血清水平与250毫克红霉素碱或硬脂酸酯相同。
常用剂量范围:
口服:
碱:每6至12小时250至500毫克;最多:每天4克。
琥珀酸乙酯:每6到12个小时400到800毫克;最多:每天4克。
IV:乳清酸:每6小时15至20 mg / kg /天,或每6小时500 mg至1 g;最多:每天4克。
适应症的剂量:
寻常痤疮(替代疗法)(非标签使用):口服:初始:每天两次250至500毫克(碱),然后每天一次250至500毫克(碱)(Tan 2003; Tan 2005)。应使用最短的持续时间以最小化细菌耐药性的发展;在3-4个月时重新评估(AAD [Zaenglein 2016])。
巴尔通体spp感染(非标签使用):
艾滋病患者:
注意:治疗时间至少为3个月;治疗的持续时间取决于复发的发生和临床状况。
细菌性血管瘤病,肝硬化,细菌血症和骨髓炎:口服,静脉注射:每6小时500 mg(HHS [OI成人2020])。
其他严重感染(不包括中枢神经系统感染或心内膜炎):口服,静脉注射:利福平每6小时500毫克(HHS [OI成人2020])。
没有艾滋病毒的患者:
细菌性血管瘤病(BA),腹泻性肝炎(PH):口服: 500毫克(碱)每天4次,连续3个月(BA)或4个月(PH)(Koehler 1992; Rolain 2004; Stevens 2014; Tappero 1993)。注意: IDSA皮肤和软组织感染指南建议皮肤BA的初始治疗时间为2周至2个月,尽管治疗时间尚未标准化(IDSA [Stevens 2014])。
仿制(非标签使用):口服: 500毫克(碱),每日3次,连续7天;注意:具有中等抗性的分离株已有文献记载(CDC [Workowski 2015])。
沙眼衣原体感染,不复杂:口服:
泌尿生殖道感染(标签外):每天四次500 mg(碱)或每天四次800 mg(琥珀酸乙酯),共7天(CDC [Workowski 2015])。
性病性淋巴肉芽肿(标签外;强力霉素的替代疗法):口服: 500 mg(碱),每天4次,连续21天(CDC [Workowski 2015])。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),预防加重(非标签使用):口服:每天200至400毫克/天(未指定配方)(Suzuki,2001年)或每天两次,每次250 mg(硬脂酸盐)(Seemungal,2008年)。
内窥镜/食管胃十二指肠镜,辅助性促动力药(非标签使用):静脉内:在内窥镜检查之前30至90分钟内,在30分钟内单次服用3 mg / kg(Coffin 2002; Saltzman 2019),或在250毫克以上单次服用在内窥镜检查前20至30分钟施用5至30分钟(Carbonell 2006; Frossard 2002)。
胃轻瘫(标签外使用):
静脉注射:每8小时在45分钟内施用3 mg / kg(Camilleri 2013)
口服:难治性/不耐受其他促运动剂(例如,甲氧氯普胺,多潘立酮)的患者:饭前每天3次,每次250至500毫克(碱)。限制治疗时间,速激肽可能会在4周后发生(Camilleri 2013)。
腹股沟肉芽肿(donovanosis)(非标签使用):口服:每天4次,每天500 mg(碱),至少21天,并消退病变(CDC [Workowski 2015])。注意:如果在治疗的最初几天症状没有改善,则可以考虑添加庆大霉素(CDC [Workowski 2015])。
Impetigo (IDSA [Stevens 2014]):口服:
碱:250毫克,每天4次,连续7天,具体取决于疗效。
琥珀酸乙酯:400毫克,每天4次,持续7天,具体取决于反应。
军团菌疾病:口服:每天1.6至4克(琥珀酸乙酯)或每天1-4克(碱),分次服用,持续21天。注意:不再是首选疗法,仅用于非住院患者。
非淋菌性尿道炎:口服:
每天4次500毫克(碱)或每天4次800毫克(琥珀酸乙酯),持续7天(CDC [Workowski 2015])。
制造商的标签:处方信息中的剂量可能无法反映当前的临床实践。
碱:每天4次500毫克(碱)或每8小时2片333毫克(碱)。
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克(琥珀酸乙酯),每日3次。注意:每天可使用250毫克(碱)或400毫克(琥珀酸乙酯)。
百日咳:口服:每6小时500毫克(碱),持续14天。
手术(术前)预防(结直肠)(标签外剂量):口服:上午8点手术前一天在下午1点,下午2点和晚上11点每剂量1 g红霉素碱,并进行大肠机械清洗,口服新霉素。手术当天还给予围手术期静脉使用抗生素(Bratzler 2013)。
伴随治疗的剂量调整:存在明显的药物相互作用,需要调整剂量/频率或避免使用。请查阅药物相互作用数据库以获取更多信息。
参考成人剂量。
一般剂量,易感性感染:婴儿,儿童和青少年:
制造商的标签:
口服:碱,琥珀酸乙酯,硬脂酸酯:通常每天6至8小时分配30至50 mg / kg /天;对于严重感染,可能需要加倍剂量;最大每日剂量:轻度至中度感染:2,000 mg /天;严重感染:4,000毫克/天
IV:乳清酸:15至20 mg / kg /天,每6小时一次;每日最大剂量:4,000毫克/天
替代剂量(2012年红皮书):
轻度至中度感染:口服:50 mg / kg /天,每6至8小时一次;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
严重感染:静脉注射:乳酸:每6小时5 mg / kg /剂量,最大每日剂量:4,000 mg /天
痤疮,中度至重度;治疗:儿童和青少年:口服:每日250至500毫克,每日1-2次,结合局部疗法(例如过氧化苯甲酰);最大每日剂量:50 mg / kg /天;通常需要4到8周的治疗时间来评估初始临床反应,并需要更长的治疗时间以取得最大效果(3到6个月);耐药性在治疗方面存在问题,通常仅用于<8岁且无法接受四环素衍生物的患者(Eichenfield 2013)
社区获得的皮肤炭疽(Stevens,2005年):婴儿,儿童和青少年:
口服:每6小时10毫克/千克/剂量;在大多数情况下,通常需要5到9天的治疗时间
静脉注射:每6小时分20至40 mg / kg /天;每日最大剂量:4,000毫克;在大多数情况下,通常需要5到9天的治疗时间
巴尔通体菌感染[细菌性血管瘤(BA),肝性肝硬化(PH)]:
非艾滋病毒/阳性;治疗:婴儿,儿童和青少年:口服:琥珀酸乙酯:10毫克/千克/剂量,每日4次;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天;治疗时间:BA:3个月; PH:4个月(Rolain 2004)
艾滋病毒暴露/阳性:
预防:婴儿和儿童(CDC 2009):口服:30至50 mg / kg /天,每天2至4剂;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
治疗:治疗时间:≥3个月(持续时间足以防止复发)
婴幼儿(CDC 2009):
口服:30至50毫克/千克/天,每天2至4剂;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
静脉注射:每天15至50毫克/千克,分为4剂;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
青少年:静脉注射,口服:每6小时服用500毫克,不论是否使用利福平(DHHS [成人] 2013)
导管(腹膜透析);出口部位或隧道感染:婴儿,儿童和青少年:口服(基剂):30至50 mg / kg /天,每天3-4次;最大剂量:500毫克/剂量(Warady [ISPD 2012])
沙眼衣原体感染(CDC 2010; Red Book 2012):
结膜炎或肺炎:婴儿,儿童和青少年:口服(碱或琥珀酸乙酯):50 mg / kg /天,每6小时一次,共14天;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天;可能需要重复课程;对于严重的沙眼,可能需要更长的持续时间(40天)
生殖道感染:
<45千克的儿童和青少年:口服(碱或琥珀酸乙酯):50毫克/千克/天,每6小时一次,共14天;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
≥45公斤青少年:口服:
碱:500毫克,每天4次,连续7天
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天4次,共7天
性病性淋巴肉芽肿(LGV):青少年≥45kg:口服(基础):500 mg每天4次,共21天
脓疱疮:婴儿,儿童和青少年:口服:10毫克/千克/剂量,每天4次(Stevens 2005)
莱姆病:婴儿,儿童和青少年:口服:50 mg / kg /天,每6个小时分配14至21天;最大剂量:500毫克(Wormser 2006)
百日咳(CDC 2005;红皮书2012):
婴儿1到5个月:口服:10毫克/千克/剂量,每天4次,共14天
≥6个月的婴儿和儿童:口服:每天10毫克/千克/剂量,每天4次,持续7至14天;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
青少年:口服:500毫克,每天4次,持续7至14天
社区获得性肺炎(CAP) (Bradley 2011):3个月以上的婴儿,儿童和青少年:注意:如果不能排除典型的细菌性肺炎,则应添加β-内酰胺类抗生素。
推测为非典型(肺炎支原体,肺炎衣原体,沙眼衣原体)轻度感染或降压治疗:口服:每6小时10 mg / kg /剂量;每日最大剂量:2,000毫克/天
中度至重度非典型感染:静脉注射:乳酸:每6小时5 mg / kg /剂量;每日最大剂量:4,000毫克/天
术前肠道准备:儿童和青少年:口服:基础:20 mg / kg;最大剂量:在手术前一天的1、2和11 PM施用1,000 mg,并结合机械清洗大肠和口服新霉素(Bratzler 2013)
促动力药(胃肠动力):可用数据有限:婴儿,儿童和青少年:
诊断;胃排空研究(预防性试验):静脉注射:据一个中心的经验,在20分钟内输注2.8 mg / kg。最大剂量:250毫克(Waseem 2012)
治疗:口服:3 mg / kg /剂量,每日4次;可能会根据需要增加;最大剂量:10 mg / kg或250 mg(Rodriguez 2012)
肺炎球菌,对具有镰状细胞病(SCD)和功能性或解剖性无力的青霉素过敏患者的预防(Knight-Madden 2001):口服:
婴儿和儿童:4个月至<3岁:每天两次,每次125 mg;未指定盐
3至4岁儿童:每日250毫克,每日两次;未指定盐
伴随治疗的剂量调整:存在明显的药物相互作用,需要调整剂量/频率或避免使用。请查阅药物相互作用数据库以获取更多信息。
乳酸红霉素应用无菌水重新配制,注射剂量为50 mg / mL,不含防腐剂。输液袋应使用不少于100 mL的IV稀释剂。最终的稀释溶液应为1至5 mg / mL。
口服:在空腹时(饭前或饭后2小时)服用碱,PCE或硬脂酸盐剂型;不考虑进餐,服用琥珀酸乙酯(EES)或延迟释放(ERY-TAB);可以考虑在饭后服用以减轻胃肠不适。吞服缓释胶囊或整片肠溶片;不要咀嚼或打破。
减肥手术:胶囊和片剂,延迟释放:一些机构可能有与这些建议相抵触的特定方案。适当参考机构协议。延迟释放的胶囊和片剂无法打开。切换至IR片剂或口服混悬液。
IV:在20至60分钟内注入1克。静脉输注可能对静脉非常刺激。输注应足够缓慢,以最大程度地减少静脉疼痛。不要进行静脉推注或推注。
有些产品可能含有钠。
基剂,PCE或硬脂酸酯剂型应空腹服用(饭前或饭后2小时)。
琥珀酸乙酯(EES)或延迟释放(ERY-TAB)剂型可在不考虑进餐的情况下服用。
可以考虑在饭后服用以减轻胃肠不适。
进样:将未复原的样品瓶存放在20°C至25°C(68°F至77°F)的环境中。冷藏后的重构溶液(50 mg / mL)稳定2周,或在室温下稳定24小时。红霉素IV输注溶液在pH 6至8时稳定;乳酸的稳定性取决于pH值; IV形式在NS中具有最长的稳定性。 NS中的肠胃外混合物在4°C稳定24小时。应在准备工作的8小时内注入NS中的混合物(包括Add-Vantage容器)。
口服混悬液:
颗粒:混合前,应储存在20°C至25°C(68°F至77°F)的温度下。混合后,应冷藏保存并在10天内使用。
粉末:混合前,应储存在<30°C(86°F)。混合后,应存放在≤25°C(77°F)的温度下,并在35天内使用。
片剂和胶囊剂:储存在20°C至25°C(68°F至77°F)。
Abemaciclib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Abemaciclib的血清浓度。管理:如果与中度CYP3A4抑制剂合用,监测abemaciclib毒性增加。如有必要,考虑将abemaciclib剂量减少50 mg。监测治疗
Acalabrutinib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Acalabrutinib的血清浓度。处理:将acalabrutinib剂量减低至每日一次100 mg,并同时使用中度CYP3A4抑制剂。密切监测患者的acalabrutinib反应以及同时使用任何不良反应的证据。考虑修改疗法
阿法替尼:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加阿法替尼的血清浓度。处理:如果合并使用,则与afatinib剂量同时或之后给予P-gp抑制剂。密切监测afatinib毒性的体征和症状,如果不能耐受该组合,请将afatinib剂量减少10 mg。考虑修改疗法
Alfentanil:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Alfentanil的血清浓度。处理:如果有必要使用alfentanil和中度CYP3A4抑制剂,请考虑减少alfentanil的剂量,直至达到稳定的药物作用。当这些药物联合使用时,经常监测患者的呼吸抑制和镇静作用。考虑修改疗法
阿夫唑嗪:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加阿夫唑嗪的血清浓度。监测治疗
Aliskiren:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加Aliskiren的血清浓度。监测治疗
Alitretinoin(全身性):CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Alitretinoin(全身性)的血清浓度。监测治疗
ALPRAZolam:红霉素(全身性)可能会增加ALPRAZolam的血清浓度。监测治疗
胺碘酮:红霉素(全身性)可增强胺碘酮的QTc延长作用。胺碘酮可能会增强红霉素(全身性)的QTc延长作用。红霉素(全身性)可能会增加胺碘酮的血清浓度。避免组合
氨磺必利(口服):可增强QT延长剂的QTc延长效果(中等风险)。监测治疗
阿哌沙班:CYP3A4(中度)和P-糖蛋白抑制剂可能会增加阿哌沙班的血清浓度。监测治疗
Aprepitant:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Aprepitant的血清浓度。避免组合
ARIPiprazole:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加ARIPiprazole的血清浓度。管理:监测阿立哌唑的药理作用增强。根据伴随的治疗,适应症或剂型,可能需要或可能不需要调整阿立哌唑的剂量。有关完整建议,请查阅完整的交互专论。监测治疗
ARIPiprazole Lauroxil:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加ARIPiprazole Lauroxil的血清浓度。监测治疗
阿司咪唑:红霉素(全身性)可增强阿司咪唑的QTc延长作用。阿司咪唑可能增强红霉素(全身性)的QTc延长作用。红霉素(全身性)可能会增加阿司咪唑的血清浓度。避免组合
Asunaprevir:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Asunaprevir的血清浓度。避免组合
阿托伐他汀:红霉素(全身性)可能会增加阿托伐他汀的血清浓度。监测治疗
Avanafil:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Avanafil的血清浓度。处理:当与中度CYP3A4抑制剂一起使用时,最大avanafil剂量为每24小时50 mg。接受这种组合的患者也应受到更密切的监测,以检查是否有不良反应(例如低血压,晕厥,阴茎异常勃起)。考虑修改疗法
Avapritinib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Avapritinib的血清浓度。处理:避免将中度CYP3A4抑制剂与avapritinib并用。如果无法避免这种组合,请将avapritinib剂量从每天一次300毫克降低到每天一次100毫克。考虑修改疗法
阿昔替尼:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加阿昔替尼的血清浓度。监测治疗
巴尼地平:红霉素(全身性)可能会增加巴尼地平的血清浓度。避免组合
卡介苗(膀胱内):抗生素可能会降低卡介苗(膀胱内)的治疗效果。避免组合
卡介苗疫苗(免疫):抗生素可能会降低卡介苗疫苗(免疫)的治疗效果。监测治疗
苯氢可酮:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加苯氢可酮的血清浓度。具体地,可以增加氢可酮的浓度。监测治疗
贝曲西班:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加贝曲西班的血清浓度。处理:将成人贝曲西班剂量减至最初的单次剂量80 mg,如果与P-gp抑制剂联合使用,则每天减少40 mg。对于严重肾功能不全(CrCL低于30 mL / min)的患者,避免同时使用贝曲沙班和P-gp抑制剂。考虑修改疗法
Bilastine:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加Bilastine的血清浓度。避免组合
Blonanserin:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Blonanserin的血清浓度。监测治疗
硼替佐米:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加硼替佐米的血清浓度。监测治疗
Bosutinib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Bosutinib的血清浓度。避免组合
Brexpiprazole:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Brexpiprazole的血清浓度。处理:如果与中度CYP3A4抑制剂和强或中度CYP2D6抑制剂同时使用,或者如果中度CYP3A4抑制剂用于CYP2D6弱代谢者,则brexpiprazole的剂量应减少至通常剂量的25%。监测治疗
Brigatinib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Brigatinib的血清浓度。管理:尽可能避免将Brigatinib与中度CYP3A4抑制剂同时使用。如果无法避免这种组合,则将Brigatinib的剂量降低约40%(即,从180 mg降至120 mg,从120 mg降至90 mg,或从90 mg降低至60 mg)。考虑修改疗法
布地奈德(口服):CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加布地奈德的血清浓度(口服)。监测治疗
布地奈德(全身性):CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加布地奈德(全身性)的血清浓度。处理:避免同时使用CYP3A4抑制剂和口服布地奈德。如果患者同时接受布地奈德和CYP3A4抑制剂的治疗,应密切监测其皮质类固醇过量的体征和症状。考虑修改疗法
布地奈德(局部):CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加布地奈德(局部)的血清浓度。避免组合
BusPIRone:红霉素(全身性)可能会增加BusPIRone的血清浓度。处理:将丁螺环酮的剂量限制为每天两次,每次2.5 mg,并监测与红霉素联合使用时丁螺环酮的作用/毒性增加。考虑修改疗法
卡波替尼:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加卡波替尼的血清浓度。监测治疗
钙通道阻滞剂:大环内酯类抗生素可能会降低钙通道阻滞剂的代谢。管理:考虑使用非相互作用的大环内酯类。非洛地平加拿大标签特别建议避免与克拉霉素联用。例外:克列维地平。考虑修改疗法
Cannabidiol:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Cannabidiol的血清浓度。监测治疗
大麻:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加大麻的血清浓度。更具体地说,可以增加四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚的血清浓度。监测治疗
CarBAMazepine:红霉素(全身性)可能会增加CarBAMazepine的血清浓度。管理:考虑与卡马西平联用的替代抗菌疗法。如果合并使用,监测卡马西平的作用/毒性增加。考虑修改疗法
心脏糖苷:大环内酯类抗生素可能会增加心脏糖苷的血清浓度。监测治疗
头孢洛尔:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加头孢洛尔的血清浓度。监测治疗
Ceritinib:可能会增强QT延长的中度CYP3A4抑制剂的QTc延长作用(中度风险)。 QT延长中度CYP3A4抑制剂(中度风险)可能会增强Ceritinib的QTc延长作用。延长QT的中度CYP3A4抑制剂(中度风险)可能会增加Ceritinib的血清浓度。处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
霍乱疫苗:抗生素可能会削弱霍乱疫苗的治疗效果。处理:在接受全身性抗生素治疗的患者中以及在口服或肠胃外使用抗生素后的14天内,应避免接种霍乱疫苗。避免组合
西洛他唑:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加西洛他唑的血清浓度。管理:对于成年患者,同时也接受中度CYP3A4抑制剂,考虑将西洛他唑的剂量减至每天两次50 mg。考虑修改疗法
西沙必利:红霉素(全身性)可增强西沙必利的QTc延长作用。西沙必利可能增强红霉素(全身性)的QTc延长作用。红霉素(全身性)可能会增加西沙必利的血清浓度。避免组合
西酞普兰:可能会增强QT延长中度CYP3A4抑制剂的QTc延长作用(中度风险)。延长QT的中度CYP3A4抑制剂(中度风险)可能会增加西酞普兰的血清浓度。监测治疗
克林霉素(局部用药):红霉素(全身用药)可能会降低克林霉素(局部用药)的治疗效果。避免组合
氯吡格雷:红霉素(全身性)可能会减弱氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用。监测治疗
Cobicistat:可能会增加红霉素(全身性)的血清浓度。管理:当cobicistat与阿扎那韦或达那那韦合用时,考虑使用该组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测红霉素和cobicistat的作用/毒性是否增加。考虑修改疗法
Cobimetinib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Cobimetinib的血清浓度。管理:尽可能避免这种组合。如果不能避免同时短期使用(14天或更短),请将cobimetinib剂量从每天60 mg减少至20 mg。避免在已经接受减少cobimetinib剂量的患者中同时使用。考虑修改疗法
可待因:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加可待因的活性代谢产物的血清浓度。监测治疗
秋水仙碱:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加秋水仙碱的血清浓度。管理:与中度CYP3A4抑制剂并用时应减少秋水仙碱的剂量,并增加对秋水仙碱相关毒性的监测。有关详细信息,请参见交互专着。肾和/或肝功能受损的患者要格外小心。考虑修改疗法
秋水仙碱:P-糖蛋白/ ABCB1抑制剂可能会增加秋水仙碱的血清浓度。秋水仙碱向某些组织(例如大脑)的分布也可能会增加。处理:肾功能或肝功能受损的患者也禁用秋水仙碱,同时也接受P-gp抑制剂。在肾和肝功能正常的患者中,按照指示减少秋水仙碱的剂量。有关详细信息,请参见交互专着。考虑修改疗法
Copanlisib:CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会增加Copanlisib的血清浓度。监测治疗
克唑替尼:延长QT的中度CYP3A4抑制剂(中度风险)可能会增强克唑替尼的QTc延长作用。延长QT的中度CYP3A4抑制剂(中度风险)可能会增加Crizotinib的血清浓度。处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
CycloSPORINE(全身性):红霉素(全身性)可能会增加CycloSPORINE(全身性)的血清浓度。监测治疗
CYP3A4诱导剂(中度):可能会降低CYP3A4底物的血清浓度(诱导剂高风险)。监测治疗
CYP3A4诱导剂(强):可能会增加CYP3A4底物的代谢(诱导剂高风险)。管理:考虑一种相互作用药物的替代品。某些组合可能特别禁忌。请咨询适当的制造商标签。考虑修改疗法
CYP3A4底物(具有抑制剂的高风险):CYP3A4抑制剂(中度)可能会降低CYP3A4底物的代谢(抑制剂的高风险)。例外: Alitretinoin(全身性);溴吡哌; Copanlisib;吡喹酮;瑞普替尼;特拉贝丁;长春瑞滨。监测治疗
Dabigatran Etexilate: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Dabigatran Etexilate.监测治疗
Dabrafenib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers). Management: Seek alternatives to the CYP3A4 substrate when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor clinical effects of the substrate closely (particularly therapeutic effects).考虑修改疗法
Dapoxetine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Dapoxetine. Management: The dose of dapoxetine should be limited to 30 mg per day when used together with a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.考虑修改疗法
Darifenacin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Darifenacin.监测治疗
Deferasirox: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).监测治疗
Deflazacort: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Deflazacort. Management: Administer one third of the recommended deflazacort dose when used together with a strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.考虑修改疗法
Domperidone: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Domperidone.避免组合
Doxofylline: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Doxofylline.监测治疗
DOXOrubicin (Conventional): P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of DOXOrubicin (Conventional).避免组合
Dronabinol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Dronabinol.监测治疗
Dronedarone: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Erythromycin (Systemic). Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Dronedarone.避免组合
Edoxaban: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Edoxaban. Management: In patients treated for DVT/PE, reduce the edoxaban dose to 30 mg daily when combined with erythromycin. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients treated for atrial fibrillation. Monitor for increased edoxaban toxicities (ie, bleeding) when combined Consider therapy modification
Eletriptan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Eletriptan. Management: The use of eletriptan within 72 hours of a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor should be avoided.考虑修改疗法
Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Ivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Ivacaftor. Management: When combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, two elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (100 mg/50 mg/75 mg) tablets should be given in the morning, every other day. Ivacaftor (150 mg) should be given in the morning, every other day on alternate days.考虑修改疗法
Eliglustat: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Eliglustat. Management: Reduce eliglustat dose to 84 mg daily in CYP2D6 EMs when used with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Use in CYP2D6 EMs who are also taking strong or moderate CYP2D6 inhibitors is contraindicated. Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors in CYP2D6 IMs or PMs.考虑修改疗法
Encorafenib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Encorafenib. Management: Avoid use of encorafenib and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, decrease the encorafenib dose from 450 mg to 225 mg; 300 mg to 150 mg; and 225 mg or 150 mg to 75 mg. Resume prior dose once inhibitor discontinued for 3 to 5 half-lives.考虑修改疗法
Encorafenib: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Encorafenib. Management: Avoid use of encorafenib and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, decrease encorafenib dose from 450 mg to 225 mg; 300 mg to 150 mg; and 225 mg or 150 mg to 75 mg. Monitor closely for QT interval prolongation.考虑修改疗法
Entrectinib: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Entrectinib.避免组合
Enzalutamide: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers). Management: Concurrent use of enzalutamide with CYP3A4 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided. Use of enzalutamide and any other CYP3A4 substrate should be performed with caution and close monitoring.考虑修改疗法
Eplerenone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Eplerenone. Management: When used concomitantly with moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4, eplerenone dosing recommendations vary by indication and international labeling. See full drug interaction monograph for details.考虑修改疗法
Erdafitinib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).监测治疗
Ergot Derivatives: Macrolide Antibiotics may increase the serum concentration of Ergot Derivatives.卡麦角林和克拉霉素可能相互作用,有关详细信息,请参见特定的专论。 Exceptions: Cabergoline; Lisuride; Nicergoline; Pergolide.避免组合
Estrogen Derivatives: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Estrogen Derivatives.监测治疗
Etoposide: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Etoposide.监测治疗
Etoposide Phosphate: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Etoposide Phosphate.监测治疗
Everolimus: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein may increase the serum concentration of Everolimus. Management: Afinitor: For TSC-associated SEGA or TSC-associated seizures reduce everolimus dose 50%. For other Afinitor indications, reduce everolimus dose to 2.5 mg/day, increase to 5 mg/day if tolerated. Zortress: Monitor for increased everolimus concentrations.考虑修改疗法
Fedratinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Fedratinib.监测治疗
FentaNYL: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of FentaNYL. Management: Consider fentanyl dose reductions when combined with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Monitor for respiratory depression and sedation. Upon discontinuation of a CYP3A4 inhibitor, consider a fentanyl dose increase; monitor for signs and symptoms of withdrawal.考虑修改疗法
Fexinidazole [INT]:可能会增强QT延长剂的QTc延长效果(中等风险)。避免组合
Flibanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Flibanserin. Management: Use of flibanserin with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors is contraindicated. If starting flibanserin, start 2 weeks after the last dose of the CYP3A4 inhibitor. If starting a CYP3A4 inhibitor, start 2 days after the last dose of flibanserin.避免组合
Fluconazole: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Erythromycin (Systemic). Fluconazole may increase the serum concentration of Erythromycin (Systemic).避免组合
Fluticasone (Oral Inhalation): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Fluticasone (Oral Inhalation).监测治疗
Fosaprepitant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Fosaprepitant.避免组合
Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir.监测治疗
GuanFACINE: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of GuanFACINE. Management: Reduce the extended-release guanfacine dose 50% when combined with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Monitor for increased guanfacine toxicities when these agents are combined.考虑修改疗法
Haloperidol: QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Haloperidol.处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
HYDROcodone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of HYDROcodone.监测治疗
Ibrutinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Ibrutinib. Management: When treating B-cell malignancies, decrease ibrutinib to 280 mg daily when combined with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. When treating graft versus host disease, monitor patients closely and reduce the ibrutinib dose as needed based on adverse reactions.考虑修改疗法
Ifosfamide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Ifosfamide.监测治疗
Imatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Imatinib.监测治疗
Ivabradine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Ivabradine.避免组合
Ivacaftor: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Ivacaftor. Management: Ivacaftor dose reductions may be required; consult full drug interaction monograph content for age- and weight-specific dosage recommendations.考虑修改疗法
Ivosidenib: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Ivosidenib.管理:考虑该药物组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。考虑修改疗法
Lactobacillus and Estriol: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus and Estriol.监测治疗
Lapatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lapatinib.监测治疗
Larotrectinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Larotrectinib.监测治疗
Lefamulin: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Lefamulin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of lefamulin tablets with P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 inhibitors. If concomitant use is required, monitor for lefamulin adverse effects.考虑修改疗法
Lemborexant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lemborexant.避免组合
Lincomycin: Erythromycin (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lincomycin.避免组合
Lomitapide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lomitapide.避免组合
Lorlatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lorlatinib.监测治疗
Lovastatin: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Lovastatin.避免组合
Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor: May decrease the serum concentration of Erythromycin (Systemic).避免组合
Lumateperone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lumateperone.避免组合
Lurasidone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lurasidone. Management: US labeling recommends reducing lurasidone dose by 50% with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and initiating 20 mg/day, max 80 mg/day. Some non-US labels recommend initiating lurasidone 20 mg/day, max 40 mg/day. Avoid concurrent use of grapefruit products.考虑修改疗法
Lurbinectedin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lurbinectedin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of lurbinectedin and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors when possible. If combined, consider a lurbinectedin dose reduction as clinically indicated.考虑修改疗法
Macitentan: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Macitentan.监测治疗
Meperidine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Meperidine.监测治疗
Mequitazine: Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Mequitazine. Management: Concurrent administration of intravenous erythromycin with mequitazine is contraindicated.避免组合
Methadone: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Methadone.管理:考虑该药物组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。考虑修改疗法
Midazolam: Macrolide Antibiotics may increase the serum concentration of Midazolam. Management: Consider an alternative less likely to interact. Azithromycin is likely a lower-risk macrolide, and benzodiazepines less dependent on CYP3A metabolism (eg, lorazepam, oxazepam) are similarly less likely to interact.考虑修改疗法
Mirodenafil: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Mirodenafil.监测治疗
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers). Management: Doses of CYP3A4 substrates may need to be adjusted substantially when used in patients being treated with mitotane.考虑修改疗法
Mizolastine: Macrolide Antibiotics may increase the serum concentration of Mizolastine.避免组合
Morphine (Systemic): P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Morphine (Systemic).监测治疗
Nadolol: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Nadolol.监测治疗
Naldemedine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Naldemedine.监测治疗
Nalfurafine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Nalfurafine.监测治疗
Naloxegol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Naloxegol. Management: The use of naloxegol and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided. If concurrent use is unavoidable, reduce naloxegol dose to 12.5 mg once daily and monitor for signs of opiate withdrawal (eg, hyperhidrosis, chills, diarrhea, anxiety, irritability).考虑修改疗法
Neratinib: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein may increase the serum concentration of Neratinib.避免组合
Nintedanib: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein may increase the serum concentration of Nintedanib.监测治疗
Olaparib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Olaparib. Management: Avoid use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with olaparib, if possible. If such concurrent use cannot be avoided, the dose of olaparib tablets should be reduced to 150 mg twice daily and the dose of olaparib capsules should be reduced to 200 mg twice daily.考虑修改疗法
Oliceridine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Oliceridine.监测治疗
Ondansetron: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
Oxybutynin: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Oxybutynin.监测治疗
OxyCODONE: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of OxyCODONE. CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of OxyCODONE. Serum concentrations of the active metabolite Oxymorphone may also be increased.监测治疗
PAZOPanib: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of PAZOPanib.避免组合
Pemigatinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Pemigatinib. Management: If combined use cannot be avoided, reduce the pemigatinib dose from 13.5 mg daily to 9 mg daily, or from 9 mg daily to 4.5 mg daily. Resume prior pemigatinib dose after stopping the moderate inhibitor once 3 half-lives of the inhibitor has passed.考虑修改疗法
Pentamidine (Systemic): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
Pexidartinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Pexidartinib. Management: Avoid use of pexidartinib with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors if possible. If combined, the pexidartinib dose should be reduced. Decrease 800 mg or 600 mg daily doses to 200 mg twice daily. Decrease doses of 400 mg per day to 200 mg once daily.考虑修改疗法
Pimecrolimus: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease the metabolism of Pimecrolimus.监测治疗
Pimozide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Pimozide.避免组合
Pimozide:可能会增强QT延长剂的QTc延长效果(中等风险)。避免组合
Pitavastatin: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Pitavastatin. Management: Limit pitavastatin to a maximum of 1 mg/day when used in combination with erythromycin. If this combination is used, monitor patients more closely for evidence of pitavastatin toxicity.考虑修改疗法
Pivmecillinam: Erythromycin (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pivmecillinam.监测治疗
Pralsetinib: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein may increase the serum concentration of Pralsetinib.监测治疗
Pravastatin: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Pravastatin.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Antidepressants (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Exceptions: Citalopram.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Antipsychotics (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Antipsychotics (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Pimozide; QUEtiapine.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk): Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk). QT-prolonging Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Erythromycin (Systemic). Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk).管理:考虑该药物组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。考虑修改疗法
QT-prolonging Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
QT-prolonging Class III Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk): Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Class III Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk). QT-prolonging Class III Antiarrhythmics (Highest Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Erythromycin (Systemic). Management: Avoid concomitant use of erythromycin and class III antiarrhythmic agents. Use of erythromycin with dronedarone is specifically contraindicated. Exceptions: Dronedarone.避免组合
QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Highest Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Highest Risk).管理:考虑该药物组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Ivosidenib; Selpercatinib.考虑修改疗法
QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Exceptions: Encorafenib; Entrectinib.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Highest Risk): Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Highest Risk). QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Highest Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Erythromycin (Systemic).管理:考虑该药物组合的替代品。如果合并使用,应监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Astemizole; Cisapride; Terfenadine.考虑修改疗法
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Domperidone.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Crizotinib; Fluconazole.监测治疗
QT-prolonging Quinolone Antibiotics (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
QT-prolonging Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk).处理:合并使用这些药物时,监测QTc间隔延长和室性心律失常。伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。 Exceptions: Saquinavir.监测治疗
QUEtiapine: QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QUEtiapine. QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of QUEtiapine. Management: Monitor for increased quetiapine toxicities including QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined.伴有QTc延长危险因素的患者可能处于更高的风险中。监测治疗
QuiNIDine: Erythromycin (Systemic) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QuiNIDine. Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of QuiNIDine.避免组合
Ranolazine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Ranolazine. Management: Limit the ranolazine dose to a maximum of 500 mg twice daily in patients concurrently receiving moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors. Monitor for increased ranolazine effects and toxicities during concomitant use.考虑修改疗法
Repaglinide: Erythromycin (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Repaglinide. Management: The addition of a CYP2C8 inhibitor to this drug combination may substantially increase the magnitude of increase in repaglinide exposure.监测治疗
Rifamycin Derivatives: Macrolide Antibiotics may decrease the metabolism of Rifamycin Derivatives. Exceptions: Rifapentine.监测治疗
RifAXIMin: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of RifAXIMin.监测治疗
Rilpivirine: Macrolide Antibiotics may increase the serum concentration of Rilpivirine. Management: Consider the use of azithromycin or another non-macrolide alternative when appropriate to avoid this potential interaction.考虑修改疗法
Rimegepant: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Rimegepant.避免组合
RisperiDONE: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of RisperiDONE.监测治疗
Rivaroxaban: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein may increase the serum concentration of Rivaroxaban. Management: No action is needed in patients with normal renal function. Do not use this combination in patients with estimated creatinine clearance 15 to 80 mL/min unless prospective benefits outweigh the risks.考虑修改疗法
RomiDEPsin: P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of RomiDEPsin.监测治疗
Rupatadine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Rupatadine.监测治疗
Ruxolitinib: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Ruxolitinib.监测治疗
Salmeterol: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Salmeterol.监测治疗
Saquinavir: Erythromycin (Sy
适用于红霉素:口服胶囊缓释,口服散剂,口服片剂,口服片剂缓释,口服片剂肠溶衣
其他剂型:
口服途径(停药)
乙型肝炎患者禁忌使用红霉素。发生肝功能障碍伴或不伴黄疸,主要发生在成人。它可能伴有不适,恶心,呕吐,腹绞痛,发烧,在某些情况下,严重的腹痛可能会导致腹部外科急诊。如果出现以上发现,请立即停用红霉素。
红霉素及其所需的作用可能会引起一些不良作用。尽管并非所有这些副作用都可能发生,但如果确实发生了,则可能需要医疗护理。
服用红霉素时,如果出现以下任何副作用,请立即咨询医生:
罕见
发病率未知
可能会发生红霉素的某些副作用,这些副作用通常不需要医疗。随着身体对药物的适应,这些副作用可能会在治疗期间消失。另外,您的医疗保健专业人员可能会告诉您一些预防或减少这些副作用的方法。
请咨询您的医疗保健专业人员,是否持续存在以下不良反应或令人讨厌,或者是否对这些副作用有任何疑问:
发病率未知
适用于红霉素:复方散剂,注射剂,口服胶囊,口服缓释胶囊,口服缓释片剂,口服复溶颗粒,口服混悬剂,口服片剂,可咀嚼口服片剂,口服片剂包衣颗粒
最常见的副作用包括局部刺激,腹部绞痛,腹部不适和食欲下降。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):腹部绞痛,腹痛,腹泻,肠胃气胀,婴儿肥厚性幽门狭窄,恶心,严重的非胆汁性呕吐,软性排便,呕吐
罕见(0.1%至1%):腹部不适,口腔念珠菌病
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):胰腺炎,假膜性结肠炎
非常罕见(小于0.01%):痉挛性肥厚性幽门狭窄(儿童) [参考]
治疗可能会引起腹部疼痛,腹泻,恶心和呕吐,并且似乎与剂量有关。
在一项研究中,有157名婴儿接受了口服形式的百日咳预防,其中7名(约5%)婴儿因进食以及与IHPS相关的严重,非胆汁性呕吐而变得烦躁不安。
伪膜性结肠炎可能在治疗期间或之后发生。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):厌食症,食欲下降[参考]
厌食症可能随着治疗而发生,并且似乎与剂量有关。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):血栓性静脉炎
罕见(0.1%至1%):胸痛,心
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):非典型室性心动过速,心,QT间隔延长/ QT延长,足尖扭转,室性心律不齐/致命性室性心律失常
非常罕见(少于0.01%):心脏心律不齐
未报告频率:心脏节律性疾病,低血压,室性心律失常,室性心动过速[参考]
常见(1%至10%):局部刺激
罕见(0.1%至1%):静脉刺激
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):疼痛,血管损伤[参考]
缓慢输注稀释的肠胃外制剂(在不少于20至60分钟的时间内连续或间歇地通过IV输注)可缓解静脉外伤和疼痛。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):肌肉痉挛
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):关节肿胀,横纹肌溶解
非常罕见(小于0.01%):重症肌无力暴露,重症肌无力恶化[参考]
常见(1%至10%):进食时易怒
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):新生儿烦躁
未报告频率:混乱,混乱状态,幻觉[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):红斑,皮疹,轻度皮疹,瘙痒,荨麻疹,荨麻疹
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):多形红斑,轻度皮肤爆发,皮肤反应,史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征,中毒性表皮坏死
未报告的频率:急性全身性皮疹(PNP),大疱性固定性爆发,湿疹,皮疹伴/不伴瘙痒,皮疹,上腹部不适[参考]
口服制剂可能会出现异常的肝功能检查结果,肝炎和/或肝功能障碍。 [参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):碱性磷酸酶升高,ALT升高,AST升高,肝酶升高,GGT升高
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):胆汁淤积,胆汁淤积性黄疸
非常罕见(小于0.01%):肝功能检查结果异常,肝炎,肝肿大,有/无黄疸的肝功能不全,肝衰竭
未报告频率:胆汁淤积性肝炎,肝细胞性肝炎,黄疸,肝功能不全[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):不敏感细菌的过度生长,不敏感真菌的过度生长[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):过敏
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):过敏性水肿,过敏反应,过敏性反应,过敏性休克,过敏反应,血管性水肿
未报告频率:严重的过敏反应[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):可逆性听力损失
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):发热
非常罕见(少于0.01%):耳聋,可逆性耳聋,耳鸣
未报告的频率:不适,发烧,全身不适[参考]
肾或肝功能不全患者中可逆性听力损失的报道更为频繁。
老年患者,尤其是那些患有肝和/或肾功能不全的患者,患听力损失的风险可能更高,尤其是在给予至少4克/天的剂量时。 [参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):阴道念珠菌病[Ref]
罕见(0.1%至1%):乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高[参考]
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤,抽搐,癫痫发作
未报告频率:头晕,头痛,线粒体视神经病变,嗜睡,短暂性中枢神经系统副作用,眩晕[参考]
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):对肾脏的损害
非常罕见(少于0.01%):肾小管间质性肾炎
未报告频率:间质性肾炎[参考]
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):对血液的损害
未报告频率:嗜酸性粒细胞增多[参考]
未报告频率:视力模糊,复视,视力障碍[参考]
未报告频率:哮喘,呼吸困难[参考]
1.“产品信息。Ery-tab(红霉素)。”伊利诺伊州Abbott Park的Abbott Pharmaceutical。
2. Cerner Multum,Inc.“澳大利亚产品信息”。 00
3. Cerner Multum,Inc.“英国产品特性摘要”。 00
4.“产品信息。ERYC(红霉素)。”新泽西州莫里斯平原的帕克·戴维斯(Parke-Davis)。
5.“产品信息。乳酸赤霉素(红霉素)。”伊利诺伊州Abbott Park的Abbott Pharmaceutical。
某些副作用可能没有报道。您可以将其报告给FDA。
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性葡萄球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
碱或硬脂酸盐:每天口服1-4克,分次服用
琥珀酸乙酯:每天口服1.6至4克,分次服用
腹腔镜
乳酸乳酸盐:每天1至4克,分20到60分钟内间歇静脉输注,分次给药,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
评论:
-体外数据表明该药物可能有效治疗退伍军人病。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:治疗由肺炎军团菌引起的退伍军人症
口服:在手术前1小时一次口服1克,然后在6小时后口服500毫克
用途:预防青霉素过敏和特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣狭窄(IHSS),大多数先天性心脏畸形,先前细菌性心内膜炎和二尖瓣脱垂病史以及接受上呼吸道的牙科/外科手术,假肢患者的细菌性心内膜炎心脏瓣膜和风湿性/其他获得性瓣膜功能不全通过外科手术构建的系统性肺分流
口语:
基础:每天2次口服250毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:400毫克,每天口服2次
治疗时间:
-初始预防:10天
评论:
-该药物应限于在已知/强烈怀疑是由易感细菌引起的感染的情况下使用。
-美国心脏协会(AHA)认为青霉素是预防风湿热初期和反复发作的首选药物。
用途:
-在患有风湿性心脏病病史并对青霉素过敏的患者中,预防由上呼吸道化脓性感染(例如咽炎,扁桃体炎)引起的风湿热最初发作的替代药物
-用于长期预防对青霉素和磺胺类过敏的患者由化脓性链球菌引起的风湿热反复发作的替代药物
口语:
碱或硬脂酸酯:每天4次口服500毫克,或每8小时口服666毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服3次
治疗时间:至少7天
评论:
-该药物应空腹服用。
-对于不能耐受推荐剂量的患者,可以进行剂量调整。
用途:
-在禁止或不耐受四环素的情况下治疗解脲脲原酶引起的非淋球菌性尿道炎
-在四环素禁用或不耐受的情况下,治疗由沙眼衣原体引起的单纯性宫颈,直肠或泌尿生殖系统感染的治疗
-妊娠期沙眼衣原体引起的泌尿生殖道感染的治疗
美国疾病控制与预防中心(US CDC)建议:
基础:每天4次口服500毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服4次
治疗时间:7天
用途:
-沙眼衣原体引起的轻度至中度尿道炎和宫颈炎的替代治疗
-非淋菌性尿道炎,宫颈炎和衣原体感染的替代治疗
口语:
碱或硬脂酸酯:每天4次口服500毫克,或每8小时口服666毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服3次
治疗时间:至少7天
评论:
-该药物应空腹服用。
-对于不能耐受推荐剂量的患者,可以进行剂量调整。
用途:
-在禁止或不耐受四环素的情况下治疗解脲脲原酶引起的非淋球菌性尿道炎
-在四环素禁用或不耐受的情况下,治疗由沙眼衣原体引起的单纯性宫颈,直肠或泌尿生殖系统感染的治疗
-妊娠期沙眼衣原体引起的泌尿生殖道感染的治疗
美国疾病控制与预防中心(US CDC)建议:
基础:每天4次口服500毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服4次
治疗时间:7天
用途:
-沙眼衣原体引起的轻度至中度尿道炎和宫颈炎的替代治疗
-非淋菌性尿道炎,宫颈炎和衣原体感染的替代治疗
口语:
Base, Ethylsuccinate, or Stearate: 40 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
-Duration of therapy: 5 to 14 days
评论:
-Dosage recommendations are based on doses used in clinical trials; optimum doses and durations of therapy have not been established.
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-This drug eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected patients, which renders then noninfectious.
-Clinical studies suggest that this drug may be used for prophylaxis of pertussis in susceptible individuals who were exposed.
Use: Treatment of pertussis (whooping cough) caused by B pertussis
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 500 mg via IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes every 6 hours
-Duration of therapy: 3 days
口语:
Base or Stearate: 500 mg orally every 12 hours, 333 mg orally every 8 hours, OR 250 mg orally every 6 hours
Ethylsuccinate: 800 mg orally every 8 hours OR 400 mg orally every 6 hours
Duration of therapy: 7 days
评论:
-A serologic test for syphilis should be conducted prior to and after 3 months of treatment.
-Patients should be given parenteral treatment for 3 days, followed by oral treatment for an additional 7 days.
用途:
-Alternative agent in the treatment in acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients with a penicillin sensitivity
-Treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by N gonorrhoeae
口语:
Base or Stearate: 30 to 40 grams orally, given in divided doses over 10 to 15 days
Succinate: 48 to 64 grams orally, given in divided doses over 10 to 15 days
评论:
-Dosage recommendations are based on doses used in clinical trials; optimal doses and duration of therapy have not been established.
-Spinal fluid examinations should be conducted prior to and after treatment.
-Infants born to patients treated during pregnancy for early syphilis should be treated with a penicillin regimen.
Use: Alternative treatment for primary syphilis caused by Treponema palladium in patients who are allergic to penicillins
口语:
Base :
Proposed 8 AM surgery: 1 gram orally once at 1 PM, 2 PM, and 11 PM on the day preceding the surgery with neomycin
评论:
-Patients should evacuate the rectum a 6:30 AM on the day of the scheduled operation.
-The local bowel preparation regimen protocol and/or the manufacturer product information should be consulted.
-Supplemental IV fluids should be given as needed.
-Enemas should not be given.
Use: Preoperative prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgery
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), Surgical Infection Society (SIS), and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Recommendations :
口语:
-Base: 1 gram orally ONCE
Use: Antibiotic for colorectal surgery prophylaxis in conjunction with mechanical bowel preparation
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
Early Lyme disease: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 14 to 21 days
评论:
-Use should be reserved for patients who are intolerant or should not take amoxicillin, doxycycline, and cefuroxime axetil.
-Patients should be monitored to ensure resolution of clinical manifestations.
Use: Alternative treatment for early Lyme disease, including borrelial lymphocyte and erythema migrans
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 2 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 4 to 52 weeks
评论:
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
Use: Preferred management of recurrent cellulitis in patients with predisposing conditions (eg, eczema, edema, obesity, toe web abnormalities, venous insufficiency)
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 3 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 7 days
评论:
-The efficacy of this drug in female patients with chancroid has not been established.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 10 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated/treated.
-Patients should be tested for HIV infection when chancroid is diagnosed and a serologic test for HIV and syphilis should be performed 3 months after diagnosis in patients with negative initial HIV test results.
Use: Recommended treatment of genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: At least 3 weeks (and until all lesions have completely healed)
评论:
-Patients diagnosed with granuloma inguinale should be tested for HIV.
-Patients should be monitored until all signs/symptoms have resolved.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 60 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated and offered treatment.
用途:
-Alternative treatment of granuloma inguinale/donovanosis caused by Klebsiella granulomatis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)
-Preferred treatment of granuloma inguinale/donovanosis in patients who are pregnant or lactating
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 21 days
评论:
-Patients diagnosed with granuloma inguinale should be tested for HIV.
-Patients should be monitored until all signs/symptoms have resolved.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 60 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated and offered treatment.
用途:
-Alternative treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) caused by C trachomatis serovars L1, L2, or L3
-Preferred treatment of LGV in patients who are pregnant or lactating
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia<b
已知共有581种药物与红霉素相互作用。
查看红霉素和以下所列药物的相互作用报告。
红霉素与酒精/食物有2种相互作用
红霉素与5种疾病的相互作用包括:
具有高度临床意义。避免组合;互动的风险大于收益。 | |
具有中等临床意义。通常避免组合;仅在特殊情况下使用。 | |
临床意义不大。降低风险;评估风险并考虑使用替代药物,采取措施规避相互作用风险和/或制定监测计划。 | |
没有可用的互动信息。 |