红霉素属于一种称为大环内酯类抗生素的药物。大环内酯类抗生素通过减少细菌生存所需的重要蛋白质的产生来减缓敏感细菌的生长,或有时杀死它们。
红霉素用于治疗或预防由细菌引起的许多不同类型的感染。
红霉素也可用于本用药指南中未列出的目的。
与红霉素一起使用时,某些药物可能会导致不良或危险的后果。如果您使用西沙必利,吡莫司特,麦角胺或二氢麦角胺,您的医生可能需要更改治疗计划。
在服用红霉素之前,请告诉医生您是否患有肝病,重症肌无力,心律失常,长QT综合征的病史或血液中钾或镁含量低。
在整整规定的时间内服用此药。在完全清除感染之前,您的症状可能会改善。跳过剂量还可能增加您进一步感染抗生素的风险。红霉素不能治疗病毒感染,例如普通感冒或流感。
抗生素药物可能引起腹泻,这可能是新感染的迹象。如果腹泻有水样或带血,请停止服用红霉素并致电医生。除非您的医生告诉您,否则不要使用止泻药。
如果您对红霉素过敏,则不应使用它。
与红霉素一起使用时,某些药物可能会导致不良或危险的后果。如果您还使用以下药物,则医生可能会更改您的治疗计划:
洛伐他汀,辛伐他汀;
西沙必利
匹莫齐要么
麦角胺或二氢麦角胺。
告诉医生您是否曾经:
肝脏或肾脏疾病;
重症肌无力;
心律失常(特别是如果您服用药物来治疗);
长期QT综合征(在您或家人中);要么
电解质失衡(例如血液中钾或镁含量低)。
尚不清楚红霉素是否会伤害未出生的婴儿。告诉医生您是否怀孕或计划怀孕。
使用这种药物母乳喂养可能并不安全。向您的医生询问任何风险。
完全按照医生的处方服用红霉素。遵循处方标签上的所有说明,并阅读所有用药指南或说明表。您的医生可能偶尔会改变您的剂量。完全按照指示使用药物。
红霉素口服是通过口腔服用。
红霉素注射液用于静脉注射,可用于严重感染。医护人员会给您第一剂,并可能会教您如何正确使用药物。
阅读并认真遵循您的药物随附的所有使用说明。如果您不了解正确使用的所有说明,请不要使用红霉素。如有疑问,请咨询您的医生或药剂师。
仅在准备好注射时才准备注射。如果药物看起来浑浊,变色或有颗粒,请勿使用。致电您的药剂师购买新药。
在测量剂量之前,您可能需要先摇动药水。请使用提供的剂量注射器,或使用药物剂量测量设备(而不是厨房勺子)。
吞咽前,您必须咀嚼可咀嚼片。
不要压碎,咀嚼或弄碎延迟释放的胶囊或片剂。整个吞下。
即使您的症状迅速好转,也应在规定的整个时间内使用该药物。跳过剂量可能会增加您对药物耐药的感染风险。红霉素不能治疗病毒感染,例如流感或普通感冒。
这种药会影响某些医学检查的结果。告诉任何治疗您的医生,您正在使用红霉素。
请在室温下存放,远离湿气,热量和光线。
请尽快使用药物,但如果您下一次就要用药了,请跳过错过的剂量。不要一次使用两次。
寻求紧急医疗护理或致电1-800-222-1222,拨打毒药帮助热线。
抗生素药物可能引起腹泻,这可能是新感染的迹象。如果腹泻有水或血性,请在使用抗腹泻药之前致电医生。
如果您对红霉素有过敏反应迹象(荨麻疹,呼吸困难,脸或喉咙肿胀)或严重的皮肤反应(发烧,喉咙痛,眼睛灼热,皮肤疼痛,红色或紫色皮疹),请寻求紧急医疗帮助起泡和脱皮)。
如果您有以下情况,请立即致电您的医生:
严重的胃痛,腹泻或流血(即使在上次服药后数月发生);
头痛,伴有胸痛和剧烈头晕,晕厥,心跳加快或剧烈跳动;
癫痫发作;
听力问题(罕见);
胰腺炎-上腹部的严重疼痛扩散到背部,恶心和呕吐;要么
肝脏问题-食欲不振,胃痛(右上方),疲倦,容易瘀伤或流血,尿色深,粪便色泥,黄疸(皮肤或眼睛发黄)。
老年人可能会出现严重的副作用,包括听力下降或危及生命的快速心跳。
如果使用这种药物的婴儿呕吐或对进食有刺激性,请致电医生。
常见的红霉素副作用可能包括:
严重的胃痛,腹泻或流血(即使在上次服药后数月发生);
肝脏问题;要么
肝功能检查异常。
这不是副作用的完整列表,并且可能会发生其他副作用。打电话给您的医生,征求有关副作用的医疗建议。您可以通过1-800-FDA-1088向FDA报告副作用。
有时同时使用某些药物并不安全。有些药物可能会影响您服用的其他药物的血药浓度,这可能会增加副作用或使药物的疗效降低。
许多药物可以与红霉素相互作用,某些药物不应同时使用。告诉您的医生您目前所有的药物以及您开始或停止使用的任何药物。这包括处方药和非处方药,维生素和草药产品。此处未列出所有可能的交互。
版权所有1996-2020 Cerner Multum,Inc.版本:14.02。
适用于红霉素:口服胶囊缓释,口服散剂,口服片剂,口服片剂缓释,口服片剂肠溶衣
其他剂型:
口服途径(停药)
乙型肝炎患者禁忌使用红霉素。发生肝功能障碍伴或不伴黄疸,主要发生在成人。它可能伴有不适,恶心,呕吐,腹绞痛,发烧,在某些情况下,严重的腹痛可能会导致腹部外科急诊。如果出现以上发现,请立即停用红霉素。
红霉素及其所需的作用可能会引起一些不良作用。尽管并非所有这些副作用都可能发生,但如果确实发生了,则可能需要医疗护理。
服用红霉素时,如果出现以下任何副作用,请立即咨询医生:
罕见
发病率未知
可能会发生红霉素的某些副作用,这些副作用通常不需要医疗。随着身体对药物的适应,这些副作用可能会在治疗期间消失。另外,您的医疗保健专业人员可能会告诉您一些预防或减少这些副作用的方法。
请咨询您的医疗保健专业人员,是否持续存在以下不良反应或令人讨厌,或者是否对这些副作用有任何疑问:
发病率未知
适用于红霉素:复方散剂,注射剂,口服胶囊,口服缓释胶囊,口服缓释片剂,口服复溶颗粒,口服混悬剂,口服片剂,可咀嚼口服片剂,口服片剂包衣颗粒
最常见的副作用包括局部刺激,腹部绞痛,腹部不适和食欲下降。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):腹部绞痛,腹痛,腹泻,肠胃气胀,婴儿肥厚性幽门狭窄,恶心,严重的非胆汁性呕吐,软性排便,呕吐
罕见(0.1%至1%):腹部不适,口腔念珠菌病
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):胰腺炎,假膜性结肠炎
非常罕见(小于0.01%):痉挛性肥厚性幽门狭窄(儿童) [参考]
治疗可能会引起腹部疼痛,腹泻,恶心和呕吐,并且似乎与剂量有关。
在一项研究中,有157名婴儿接受了口服形式的百日咳预防,其中7名(约5%)婴儿因进食以及与IHPS相关的严重,非胆汁性呕吐而变得烦躁不安。
伪膜性结肠炎可能在治疗期间或之后发生。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):厌食症,食欲下降[参考]
厌食症可能随着治疗而发生,并且似乎与剂量有关。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):血栓性静脉炎
罕见(0.1%至1%):胸痛,心
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):非典型室性心动过速,心,QT间隔延长/ QT延长,足尖扭转,室性心律不齐/致命性室性心律失常
非常罕见(少于0.01%):心脏心律不齐
未报告频率:心脏节律性疾病,低血压,室性心律失常,室性心动过速[参考]
常见(1%至10%):局部刺激
罕见(0.1%至1%):静脉刺激
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):疼痛,血管损伤[参考]
缓慢输注稀释的肠胃外制剂(在不少于20至60分钟的时间内连续或间歇地通过IV输注)可缓解静脉外伤和疼痛。 [参考]
常见(1%至10%):肌肉痉挛
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):关节肿胀,横纹肌溶解
非常罕见(小于0.01%):重症肌无力暴露,重症肌无力恶化[参考]
常见(1%至10%):进食时易怒
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):新生儿烦躁
未报告频率:混乱,混乱状态,幻觉[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):红斑,皮疹,轻度皮疹,瘙痒,荨麻疹,荨麻疹
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):多形红斑,轻度皮肤爆发,皮肤反应,史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征,中毒性表皮坏死
未报告的频率:急性全身性皮疹(PNP),大疱性固定性爆发,湿疹,皮疹伴/不伴瘙痒,皮疹,上腹部不适[参考]
口服制剂可能会出现异常的肝功能检查结果,肝炎和/或肝功能障碍。 [参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):碱性磷酸酶升高,ALT升高,AST升高,肝酶升高,GGT升高
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):胆汁淤积,胆汁淤积性黄疸
非常罕见(小于0.01%):肝功能检查结果异常,肝炎,肝肿大,有/无黄疸的肝功能不全,肝衰竭
未报告频率:胆汁淤积性肝炎,肝细胞性肝炎,黄疸,肝功能不全[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):不敏感细菌的过度生长,不敏感真菌的过度生长[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):过敏
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):过敏性水肿,过敏反应,过敏性反应,过敏性休克,过敏反应,血管性水肿
未报告频率:严重的过敏反应[参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):可逆性听力损失
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):发热
非常罕见(少于0.01%):耳聋,可逆性耳聋,耳鸣
未报告的频率:不适,发烧,全身不适[参考]
肾或肝功能不全患者中可逆性听力损失的报道更为频繁。
老年患者,尤其是那些患有肝和/或肾功能不全的患者,患听力损失的风险可能更高,尤其是在给予至少4克/天的剂量时。 [参考]
罕见(0.1%至1%):阴道念珠菌病[Ref]
罕见(0.1%至1%):乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高[参考]
罕见(0.01%至0.1%):中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤,抽搐,癫痫发作
未报告频率:头晕,头痛,线粒体视神经病变,嗜睡,短暂性中枢神经系统副作用,眩晕[参考]
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):对肾脏的损害
非常罕见(少于0.01%):肾小管间质性肾炎
未报告频率:间质性肾炎[参考]
稀有(0.01%至0.1%):对血液的损害
未报告频率:嗜酸性粒细胞增多[参考]
未报告频率:视力模糊,复视,视力障碍[参考]
未报告频率:哮喘,呼吸困难[参考]
1.“产品信息。Ery-tab(红霉素)。”伊利诺伊州Abbott Park的Abbott Pharmaceutical。
2. Cerner Multum,Inc.“澳大利亚产品信息”。 00
3. Cerner Multum,Inc.“英国产品特性摘要”。 00
4.“产品信息。ERYC(红霉素)。”新泽西州莫里斯平原的帕克·戴维斯(Parke-Davis)。
5.“产品信息。乳酸赤霉素(红霉素)。”伊利诺伊州Abbott Park的Abbott Pharmaceutical。
某些副作用可能没有报道。您可以将其报告给FDA。
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉载体的建立并根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性葡萄球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
红霉素碱(碱)或红霉素硬脂酸酯(硬脂酸酯) :
轻度至中度感染:每6小时口服250毫克,每8小时口服333毫克,或每12小时口服500毫克
严重感染:每6小时口服1克
-最大剂量:4克/天
红霉素乙基琥珀酸酯(乙基琥珀酸酯):每6小时口服400毫克
-最大剂量:最多4克/天
腹腔镜
乳酸红霉素(乳酸杆菌):每天15至20 mg / kg静脉内输注,间隔20至60分钟,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
-最大剂量:4克/天
治疗时间:
-肠道阿米巴病:10至14天
-链球菌感染:至少10天
评论:
-该药物应在饭前约1小时服用。
-根据感染的严重程度,可以增加更高剂量(最高4克/天)。
-琥珀酸乙酯制剂的剂量可以每12小时分2次服用,也可以每8小时分3次服用。
-许多流感嗜血杆菌菌株对通常通过给药达到的该药物浓度不敏感;由流感H引起的上呼吸道感染患者应与磺胺类药物同时服用。
-抗葡萄球菌皮肤感染可能会再次出现。
-肝外阿米巴病的患者应给予其他抗生素治疗。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:
-作为抗毒素的辅助剂,以预防由白喉棒状杆菌引起的白喉携带者的建立和根除细菌
-小肠棒状杆菌引起的红斑的治疗
-李斯特菌引起的李斯特菌病的治疗
-治疗由肺炎链球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae)或化脓性链球菌(A组β-溶血性链球菌[GAS])引起的轻度至中度下呼吸道感染
-治疗由金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌引起的轻度至中度皮肤和结构感染
-治疗由H流感(与足够剂量的磺胺类药物同时使用),肺炎链球菌(D肺炎)或化脓性链球菌(GAS)引起的轻度至中度上呼吸道感染
-治疗肺炎支原体引起的呼吸道感染
-口服制剂:治疗由溶组织性变形杆菌引起的肠道阿米巴病
口语:
碱或硬脂酸盐:每天口服1-4克,分次服用
琥珀酸乙酯:每天口服1.6至4克,分次服用
腹腔镜
乳酸乳酸盐:每天1至4克,分20到60分钟内间歇静脉输注,分次给药,不超过每6小时一次,或缓慢缓慢地连续IV输注
评论:
-体外数据表明该药物可能有效治疗退伍军人病。
-肠胃外制剂应尽快用口服制剂代替。
用途:治疗由肺炎军团菌引起的退伍军人症
口服:在手术前1小时一次口服1克,然后在6小时后口服500毫克
用途:预防青霉素过敏和特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣狭窄(IHSS),大多数先天性心脏畸形,先前细菌性心内膜炎和二尖瓣脱垂病史以及接受上呼吸道的牙科/外科手术,假肢患者的细菌性心内膜炎心脏瓣膜和风湿性/其他获得性瓣膜功能不全通过外科手术构建的系统性肺分流
口语:
基础:每天2次口服250毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:400毫克,每天口服2次
治疗时间:
-初始预防:10天
评论:
-该药物应限于在已知/强烈怀疑是由易感细菌引起的感染的情况下使用。
-美国心脏协会(AHA)认为青霉素是预防风湿热初期和反复发作的首选药物。
用途:
-在患有风湿性心脏病病史并对青霉素过敏的患者中,预防由上呼吸道化脓性感染(例如咽炎,扁桃体炎)引起的风湿热最初发作的替代药物
-用于长期预防对青霉素和磺胺类过敏的患者由化脓性链球菌引起的风湿热反复发作的替代药物
口语:
碱或硬脂酸酯:每天4次口服500毫克,或每8小时口服666毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服3次
治疗时间:至少7天
评论:
-该药物应空腹服用。
-对于不能耐受推荐剂量的患者,可以进行剂量调整。
用途:
-在禁止或不耐受四环素的情况下治疗解脲脲原酶引起的非淋球菌性尿道炎
-在四环素禁用或不耐受的情况下,治疗由沙眼衣原体引起的单纯性宫颈,直肠或泌尿生殖系统感染的治疗
-妊娠期沙眼衣原体引起的泌尿生殖道感染的治疗
美国疾病控制与预防中心(US CDC)建议:
基础:每天4次口服500毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服4次
治疗时间:7天
用途:
-沙眼衣原体引起的轻度至中度尿道炎和宫颈炎的替代治疗
-非淋菌性尿道炎,宫颈炎和衣原体感染的替代治疗
口语:
碱或硬脂酸酯:每天4次口服500毫克,或每8小时口服666毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服3次
治疗时间:至少7天
评论:
-该药物应空腹服用。
-对于不能耐受推荐剂量的患者,可以进行剂量调整。
用途:
-在禁止或不耐受四环素的情况下治疗解脲脲原酶引起的非淋球菌性尿道炎
-在四环素禁用或不耐受的情况下,治疗由沙眼衣原体引起的单纯性宫颈,直肠或泌尿生殖系统感染的治疗
-妊娠期沙眼衣原体引起的泌尿生殖道感染的治疗
美国疾病控制与预防中心(US CDC)建议:
基础:每天4次口服500毫克
琥珀酸乙酯:800毫克,每天口服4次
治疗时间:7天
用途:
-沙眼衣原体引起的轻度至中度尿道炎和宫颈炎的替代治疗
-非淋菌性尿道炎,宫颈炎和衣原体感染的替代治疗
口语:
Base, Ethylsuccinate, or Stearate: 40 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
-Duration of therapy: 5 to 14 days
评论:
-Dosage recommendations are based on doses used in clinical trials; optimum doses and durations of therapy have not been established.
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-This drug eliminates Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected patients, which renders then noninfectious.
-Clinical studies suggest that this drug may be used for prophylaxis of pertussis in susceptible individuals who were exposed.
Use: Treatment of pertussis (whooping cough) caused by B pertussis
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 500 mg via IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes every 6 hours
-Duration of therapy: 3 days
口语:
Base or Stearate: 500 mg orally every 12 hours, 333 mg orally every 8 hours, OR 250 mg orally every 6 hours
Ethylsuccinate: 800 mg orally every 8 hours OR 400 mg orally every 6 hours
Duration of therapy: 7 days
评论:
-A serologic test for syphilis should be conducted prior to and after 3 months of treatment.
-Patients should be given parenteral treatment for 3 days, followed by oral treatment for an additional 7 days.
用途:
-Alternative agent in the treatment in acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients with a penicillin sensitivity
-Treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by N gonorrhoeae
口语:
Base or Stearate: 30 to 40 grams orally, given in divided doses over 10 to 15 days
Succinate: 48 to 64 grams orally, given in divided doses over 10 to 15 days
评论:
-Dosage recommendations are based on doses used in clinical trials; optimal doses and duration of therapy have not been established.
-Spinal fluid examinations should be conducted prior to and after treatment.
-Infants born to patients treated during pregnancy for early syphilis should be treated with a penicillin regimen.
Use: Alternative treatment for primary syphilis caused by Treponema palladium in patients who are allergic to penicillins
口语:
Base :
Proposed 8 AM surgery: 1 gram orally once at 1 PM, 2 PM, and 11 PM on the day preceding the surgery with neomycin
评论:
-Patients should evacuate the rectum a 6:30 AM on the day of the scheduled operation.
-The local bowel preparation regimen protocol and/or the manufacturer product information should be consulted.
-Supplemental IV fluids should be given as needed.
-Enemas should not be given.
Use: Preoperative prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgery
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), Surgical Infection Society (SIS), and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Recommendations :
口语:
-Base: 1 gram orally ONCE
Use: Antibiotic for colorectal surgery prophylaxis in conjunction with mechanical bowel preparation
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Impetigo :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 4 times a day
Ethylsuccinate: 400 mg orally 4 times a day
Bacillary angiomatosis :
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy :
-Impetigo: 7 days
-Bacillary angiomatosis: 2 to 8 weeks
评论:
-Some impetigo caused by S aureus and S pyogenes strains may be resistant.
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
用途:
-由葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的脓疱疮的治疗
-Recommended treatment of bacillary angiomatosis
US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS), US National Institutes of Health (US NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and US CDC Recommendations :
ORAL/PARENTERAL :
Bacillary angiomatosis, Bacteremia, Osteomyelitis, and Peliosis Hepatitis: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours
Other severe infections: 500 mg orally or IV every 6 hours PLUS rifampin
Duration of therapy: 3 months
Comment: Long-term suppression is recommended in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mcL if relapse occurs after an initial course of treatment.
用途:
-Treatment of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary Peliosis hepatitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella quintana or Bartonella henselae
-Treatment of other severe infections caused by B quintana or B henselae
IDSA Recommendations :
Early Lyme disease: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 14 to 21 days
评论:
-Use should be reserved for patients who are intolerant or should not take amoxicillin, doxycycline, and cefuroxime axetil.
-Patients should be monitored to ensure resolution of clinical manifestations.
Use: Alternative treatment for early Lyme disease, including borrelial lymphocyte and erythema migrans
IDSA Recommendations :
口语:
Base, Estolate, Stearate: 250 mg orally 2 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 4 to 52 weeks
评论:
-Cellulitis prophylaxis should be performed during the acute stage of cellulitis and should continue as part of routine care for as long as predisposing factors persist.
-Prophylaxis should be considered in patients who develop 3 to 4 episodes of cellulitis per year despite controlling for predisposing factors.
Use: Preferred management of recurrent cellulitis in patients with predisposing conditions (eg, eczema, edema, obesity, toe web abnormalities, venous insufficiency)
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 3 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 7 days
评论:
-The efficacy of this drug in female patients with chancroid has not been established.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 10 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated/treated.
-Patients should be tested for HIV infection when chancroid is diagnosed and a serologic test for HIV and syphilis should be performed 3 months after diagnosis in patients with negative initial HIV test results.
Use: Recommended treatment of genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: At least 3 weeks (and until all lesions have completely healed)
评论:
-Patients diagnosed with granuloma inguinale should be tested for HIV.
-Patients should be monitored until all signs/symptoms have resolved.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 60 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated and offered treatment.
用途:
-Alternative treatment of granuloma inguinale/donovanosis caused by Klebsiella granulomatis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)
-Preferred treatment of granuloma inguinale/donovanosis in patients who are pregnant or lactating
US CDC Recommendations :
口语:
Base: 500 mg orally 4 times a day
-Duration of therapy: 21 days
评论:
-Patients diagnosed with granuloma inguinale should be tested for HIV.
-Patients should be monitored until all signs/symptoms have resolved.
-The patient's sexual partner(s) during the 60 days preceding the onset of symptoms should be evaluated and offered treatment.
用途:
-Alternative treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) caused by C trachomatis serovars L1, L2, or L3
-Preferred treatment of LGV in patients who are pregnant or lactating
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is minimal
-Adjunctive alternative empiric inpatient treatment in patients who not are fully immunized with conjugate vaccines for H influenzae type b and S pneumoniae in areas where local penicillin resistance in invasive strains of pneumococcus is significant
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by M pneumoniae
-Alternative parenteral treatment for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Alternative oral therapy (eg, as step-down/mild infection) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by C trachomatis or C pneumoniae
口语:
Base or Stearate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg orally per day, given in equally divided doses
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Ethylsuccinate :
Children: 30 to 50 mg orally every day, given in equally divided doses every 6 hours
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate :
Children: 15 to 20 mg/kg IV per day via intermittent IV infusion over 20 to 60 minutes no more than every 6 hours or via slow continuous IV infusion
-Maximum dose: 4 grams/day
Duration of therapy: At least 10 days (streptococcal infections)
评论:
-This drug should be taken approximately 1 hour prior to meals.
-Higher doses may be increased (up to 4 grams/day), depending on the severity of the infection.
-Ethylsuccinate formulations doses may be given every 12 hours in 2 divided doses OR every 8 hours in 3 divided doses if desired.
-Many strains of H influenzae are not susceptible to concentrations of this drug typically achieved by dosing; concomitant dosing with sulfonamides should be used in patients with upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae.
-Resistant staphylococcal skin infections may reemerge with treatment.
-Parenteral formulations should be replaced by oral formulations as soon as possible.
用途:
-As an adjunct to antitoxin to prevent the establishment of carriers and to eradicate the organism in carriers of diphtheria caused by C diphtheriae
-Treatment of erythrasma due to C minutissimum
-Treatment of listeriosis caused by L monocytogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae) or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of mild to moderate skin and structure infections caused by S aureus or S pyogenes
-Treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by H influenzae (when used concomitantly with adequate doses of sulfonamides), S pneumoniae (D pneumoniae), or S pyogenes (GAS)
-Treatment of respiratory tract infections due to M pneumoniae
小儿传染病学会(PIDS)和IDSA建议:
口语:
Step-down or mild therapy: 10 mg/kg orally 4 times a day
腹腔镜
Lactobionate: 5 mg/kg IV per day, given in dived doses every 6 hours
用途:
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients less than 5 years with presumed atypical pneumonia
-Alternative empiric treatment in patients 7 years and older with presumed atypical pneumonia<b
已知共有581种药物与红霉素相互作用。
查看红霉素和以下所列药物的相互作用报告。
红霉素与酒精/食物有2种相互作用
红霉素与5种疾病的相互作用包括:
具有高度临床意义。避免组合;互动的风险大于收益。 | |
具有中等临床意义。通常避免组合;仅在特殊情况下使用。 | |
临床意义不大。降低风险;评估风险并考虑使用替代药物,采取措施规避相互作用风险和/或制定监测计划。 | |
没有可用的互动信息。 |