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哌拉西林

药品类别 抗伪青霉素

哌拉西林的用途:

  • 它用于治疗或预防细菌感染。

在服用哌拉西林之前,我需要告诉医生什么?

  • 如果您对哌拉西林或哌拉西林的任何其他部分过敏。
  • 如果您对哌拉西林过敏;哌拉西林的任何部分;或任何其他药物,食物或物质。告诉您的医生有关过敏以及您有什么症状。

该药物可能与其他药物或健康问题相互作用。

告诉您的医生和药剂师您所有的药物(处方药或非处方药,天然产品,维生素)和健康问题。您必须进行检查,以确保服用哌拉西林对所有药物和健康问题都是安全的。未经医生许可,请勿开始,停止或更改任何药物的剂量。

服用哌拉西林时我需要了解或做什么?

  • 告诉所有医疗保健提供者您服用哌拉西林。这包括您的医生,护士,药剂师和牙医。
  • 这种药物很少会出现严重的,有时甚至是致命的过敏性副作用。
  • 如果您长期服用哌拉西林,请检查您的血液检查。与您的医生交谈。
  • 请勿使用超过要求的时间。可能会发生第二次感染。
  • 这种药物可能会影响某些实验室测试。告知所有医疗保健提供者和实验室工作人员您服用哌拉西林。
  • 如果您饮食中低钠或无钠,请咨询您的医生。这些产品中有些含有钠。
  • 如果您有高血糖(糖尿病)并测试您的尿液葡萄糖,请咨询您的医生以找出最适合使用的测试。
  • 如果您年满65岁,请小心使用哌拉西林。您可能会有更多的副作用。
  • 告诉医生您是否怀孕或计划怀孕。您将需要在怀孕期间谈论使用哌拉西林的益处和风险。
  • 告诉医生您是否正在母乳喂养。您将需要谈论对宝宝的任何风险。

如何最佳服用这种药物(培拉西林)?

按照医生的指示使用哌拉西林。阅读提供给您的所有信息。请严格按照所有说明进行操作。

  • 在一段时间内将其注射入肌肉或注入静脉。
  • 它被打成静脉注射。

如果我错过了剂量怎么办?

  • 致电您的医生以了解如何处理。

我需要马上打电话给我的医生什么副作用?

警告/警告:尽管这种情况很少见,但有些人在服药时可能会有非常严重的副作用,有时甚至是致命的副作用。如果您有以下任何与严重不良副作用相关的症状或体征,请立即告诉医生或寻求医疗帮助:

  • 过敏反应的迹象,如皮疹;麻疹;瘙痒;发红或发烧的皮肤发红,肿胀,起泡或脱皮;喘息胸部或喉咙发紧;呼吸,吞咽或说话困难;异常嘶哑或嘴,脸,嘴唇,舌头或喉咙肿胀。
  • 任何无法解释的瘀伤或出血。
  • 发烧或发冷。
  • 咽喉痛。
  • 癫痫发作。
  • 额外的肌肉动作。
  • 腹泻常见于抗生素。很少会发生称为C diff相关腹泻(CDAD)的严重形式。有时,这会导致致命的肠道问题(结肠炎)。在服用抗生​​素期间或之后几个月,可能会发生CDAD。如果您有胃痛,痉挛或大便稀疏,水样或流血的大便,请立即致电医生。治疗腹泻之前,请先咨询医生。

哌拉西林还有哪些其他副作用?

所有药物都可能引起副作用。但是,许多人没有副作用,或者只有很小的副作用。如果这些副作用或任何其他副作用困扰您或不消失,请致电您的医生或获得医疗帮助:

  • 腹泻。
  • 给予射击的刺激。

这些并非所有可能发生的副作用。如果您对副作用有疑问,请致电您的医生。打电话给您的医生,征求有关副作用的医疗建议。

您可以致电1-800-332-1088向FDA报告副作用。您也可以在https://www.fda.gov/medwatch报告副作用。

如果怀疑OVERDOSE:

如果您认为服药过量,请致电毒物控制中心或立即就医。准备好告诉或显示采取了什么,采取了多少,何时发生。

如何储存和/或丢弃哌拉西林?

  • 如果您需要在家中储存哌拉西林,请与您的医生,护士或药剂师讨论如何储存。

消费者信息使用

  • 如果症状或健康问题没有好转或恶化,请致电医生。
  • 不要与他人共享您的药物,也不要服用他人的药物。
  • 将所有药物放在安全的地方。将所有毒品放在儿童和宠物够不到的地方。
  • 扔掉未使用或过期的药物。除非被告知,否则不要冲厕所或倒水。如果您对扔出药物的最佳方法有疑问,请咨询您的药剂师。您所在地区可能有毒品回收计划。
  • 有些药物可能还有另一份患者信息单张。请咨询您的药剂师。如果您对哌拉西林有任何疑问,请与您的医生,护士,药剂师或其他医疗保健人员联系。
  • 如果您认为服药过量,请致电毒物控制中心或立即就医。准备好告诉或显示采取了什么,采取了多少,何时发生。

适用于哌拉西林:注射剂

一般

这种药物通常被很好地耐受。局部副作用(静脉注射或IM注射后)最为常见。 [参考]

胃肠道

常见(1%至10%):腹泻,大便稀疏

未报告频率:恶心,呕吐,血性腹泻,假膜性结肠炎,艰难梭菌相关性腹泻[参考]

在抗菌治疗期间或之后,已报告了伪膜性结肠炎症状的发作。 [参考]

皮肤科

常见(1%至10%):皮疹,瘙痒

未报告的频率:囊泡爆发/皮疹,多形性红斑,荨麻疹,毒性表皮坏死溶解,史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征,嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身症状(DRESS)的药物反应,皮疹/紫癜,皮疹,脓疱,大疱性皮肤病,结节性红斑剥脱性皮炎,Jarisch-Herxheimer反应[参考]

据报道,囊性纤维化患者皮疹的发生率增加。

已经报道了DRESS,尤其是哌拉西林-他唑巴坦。

血小板减少症引起的小儿皮疹或紫癜已有报道。 [参考]

本地

常见(1%至10%):血栓性静脉炎,注射部位疼痛,注射部位硬结,注射部位红斑

未报告频率:瘀斑,深静脉血栓形成,血肿[参考]

当将稀释液稀释不足注入静脉时,更容易发生血栓性静脉炎。 [参考]

其他

常见(1%至10%):药物热

未报告的频率:发烧,浮肿,疲劳,血清钾水平降低,重度感染(包括念珠菌病),出血表现[参考]

据报道,囊性纤维化患者发烧的可能性增加。

肝病患者或接受细胞毒性治疗或利尿剂的患者已报告高剂量的这种药物可降低血清钾水平。 [参考]

过敏症

未报告频率:过敏/类过敏反应(某些会导致休克和死亡) [参考]

血液学

未报告频率:粒细胞缺乏症,溶血性贫血,白细胞减少症,中性粒细胞减少症,全血细胞减少症,血小板减少症,嗜酸性粒细胞增多症,出血性疾病,Coombs试验阳性,出血/出血,凝血酶原时间减少,血小板功能障碍,出血时间延长[参考]

可逆性白细胞减少症(中性粒细胞减少症)的危险因素包括长期服用大剂量药物或引起该作用的药物。 [参考]

神经系统

未报告的频率:头痛,头晕,癫痫/抽搐,长时间的肌肉松弛,麻痹,神经毒性,脑病,神经肌肉兴奋性[参考]

静脉给予高于推荐剂量的神经肌肉兴奋性和惊厥已有报道。 [参考]

肾的

未报告频率:血清肌酐升高,BUN升高,间质性肾炎,肾衰竭[参考]

药物诱发的间质性肾炎是所有青霉素罕见但潜在的严重副作用。 [参考]

肝的

未报告频率:肝酶升高(LDH,AST,ALT),高胆红素血症,肝毒性,胆汁淤积性肝炎[参考]

新陈代谢

未报告频率:低钾血症,电解质紊乱,酸碱紊乱[参考]

呼吸道

未报告频率:Epaxis

参考文献

1. Cerner Multum,Inc.“加拿大产品信息”。 O 0(2015):

2. Mandell GL“哌拉西林的体外微生物学和药代动力学”。临床杂志7(1985):37-44

3.“产品信息。吡普拉西尔(哌拉西林)。”新泽西州韦恩市的Lederle实验室。

4.埃勒奥普洛斯(Eliopoulos)总经理,穆勒(Moellering)RC“阿洛西林,美洛西林和哌拉西林:新型广谱青霉素。”安实习生97(1982):755-60

5. Ramakrishnan K,Scheid DC,“成人急性肾盂肾炎的诊断和治疗”。美国家庭医生71(2005):933-42

6. Lutz B,Mogabgab W,Holmes B等,“哌拉西林的治疗效果和耐受性的临床评估”。抗微生物剂Chemother 22(1982):10-4

7. Winston DJ,Murphy W,Young LS,Hewitt WL“哌拉西林用于严重细菌感染的治疗”。美国医学杂志69(1980):255-61

8. Link AS,Jr“替卡西林加克拉维酸和哌拉西林在下呼吸道感染患者中的疗效和安全性。”美国医学杂志79(1985):86-7

9. Abate G,Godbole K,Springston C“哌拉西林/他唑巴坦引起的皮疹。” Ann Pharmacother 44(2010):1345-6

10.宜人的RA,Walker TR,Samuelson WM“囊性纤维化患者对肠胃外β-内酰胺类抗生素的过敏反应”。胸部106(1994):1124-8

11. Strandvik B“囊性纤维化患者对哌拉西林的不良反应。”柳叶刀06/16/84(1984):1362

12. Cabanas R,Munoz L,LopezSerrano C,Contreras J,Padial A,Caballero T,MorenoAncillo A,Barranco P“对哌拉西林的超敏性”。过敏53(1998):819-20

13. Stead RJ,Kennedy HG,Hodson ME,Batten JC“对哌拉西林在囊性纤维化中的不良反应”。柳叶刀04/14/84(1984):857

14. Moore M,McNamara TR,Johnson J“与哌拉西林治疗相关的出血时间和鼻出血增加。”南方医学杂志78(1985):363

15. Yan MT,Chu HY,Chau T,Lin SH“血液透析患者中​​与哌拉西林相关的血小板减少症。”临床肾病72(2009):240-3

16. Singh N,Yu VL,Mieles LA,Wagener MM“严重肝功能异常的β-内酰胺类抗生素引起的白细胞减少症:危险因素及其对肝病患者用药的影响”。美国医学杂志94(1993):251-6

17. Bressler RB,Huston DP“哌拉西林引起的贫血和白细胞减少症”。南方医学杂志79(1986):255-6

18. Gentry LO,Jemsek JG,Natelson EA“哌拉西林钠对正常志愿者血小板功能的影响”。抗微生物剂Chemother 19(1981):532-3

19. Fass RJ,Copelan EA,Brandt JT,Moeschberger ML,Ashton JJ“血小板介导的广谱青霉素引起的出血”。传染病杂志155(1987):1242-8

20. Lee M,Stobnicki M,Sharifi R“哌拉西林治疗的出血并发症”。乌克兰杂志136(1986):454-5

21. Kirkwood CF,Lasezkay GM“与美洛西林和哌拉西林相关的中性粒细胞减少症”。 Drug Intell Clin Pharm 19(1985):112-4

22. Mackie K,Pavlin EG,“哌拉西林给药后复发性麻痹”。麻醉学72(1990):561-3

23.Parkmatsumoto YC,Tazawa T“哌拉西林诱导的脑病”。神经科学杂志140(1996):141-2

24. Malanga CJ,Kokontis L,Mauzy S“哌拉西林引起的癫痫发作。”临床儿科(Phila)36(1997):475-6

某些副作用可能没有报道。您可以将其报告给FDA。

成人细菌血症的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-疗程应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型动植物,寻常型疟原虫,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成年人腹腔感染的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成人关节感染的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

骨髓炎通常的成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-细菌类(包括脆弱的B型杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟氏球菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

盆腔炎通常的成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成年人皮肤或软组织感染的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

通常用于败血症的成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成人细菌感染的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成年人皮肤和结构感染的常用剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

盆腔感染的常规成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异芽孢杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

子宫内膜炎的成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

医院内肺炎的常规成人剂量

每4至6个小时静脉注射3至4克
最大剂量:通常为24克/天;使用了更高剂量

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异变形杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属(包括脆弱的拟杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-由拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,普罗维登斯氏菌,寻常型普氏菌,奇异芽孢杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

成年人尿路感染的常用剂量

复杂的尿路感染(UTI):每6至8小时分剂量静脉注射8至16 g /天
不复杂的尿路感染:每6至12小时分剂量6至8克/天IM或IV

治疗时间:平均7至10天

用途:用于治疗因大肠杆菌,克雷伯氏菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,变形杆菌属(包括奇异菌)或肠球菌引起的复杂和不复杂的尿路感染

成年人肺炎的常用剂量

每天6至8克IM或IV,每6至12小时分次服用
治疗时间:平均7至10天

评论
-尽管在囊性纤维化患者中已见改善,但仍无法持久消除细菌。

用途:用于治疗大多数社区获得性肺炎;用于治疗由大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧菌引起的下呼吸道感染

通常的成人剂量用于淋球菌感染-不复杂

2 g IM一次

评论
-注射前30分钟应口服1克普原奈德。
-由于耐药性,美国CDC不建议将青霉素用于淋球菌感染。
-有关更多信息,请参考当前指南。

用途:用于治疗由淋病奈瑟菌引起的单纯性淋球菌性尿道炎

通常用于外科手术的成人剂量

腹腔手术
-第一剂:手术前2 g IV
-第二剂:手术期间静脉注射2 g
-第三剂:术后每6小时静脉注射2 g,最多24小时

用途:用于外科手术中的预防性用途,包括腹内(胃肠道和胆道)手术

剖腹产通常的成人剂量

第一剂:夹住脐带后静脉注射2 g
第二次剂量:第一次给药后4小时静脉输注2 g
第三次剂量:第一次给药后8小时静脉输注2 g

用途:用于包括剖宫产在内的手术中的预防性使用

子宫切除术的成人剂量

腹部子宫切除术
-第一剂:手术前2 g IV
-第二剂:2 g静脉注射回到恢复室
-第三剂:6小时后静脉注射2 g

阴道子宫切除术
-第一剂:手术前2 g IV
-第二剂:第一次给药后2 g静脉注射6
-第三剂:第一次给药后12小时静脉注射2 g

用途:用于手术中的预防性使用,包括腹部子宫切除术和阴道子宫切除术

肾盂肾炎通常的成人剂量

一些专家建议:每6小时静脉注射3克
治疗时间:7至14天

评论
-推荐用于治疗急性肾盂肾炎
-有关更多信息,请参考当前指南。

常用的小儿细菌血症剂量

12岁或以上:每4至6小时分次服用200至300 mg / kg /天的静脉注射
最大剂量:18克/天

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,或厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,梭状芽孢杆菌,厌氧球菌或拟杆菌属细菌(包括脆弱的B型杆菌)引起的腹内感染(包括肝胆和外科感染)
-细菌类(包括脆弱的B型杆菌),厌氧球菌,淋病奈瑟球菌或肠球菌(粪肠球菌)引起的妇科感染(包括子宫内膜炎,盆腔炎,盆腔蜂窝组织炎)
-由大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,沙雷氏菌属,不动杆菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,摩根氏菌,拟杆菌,寻常型杆菌,拟南芥杆菌,拟杆菌属(包括脆弱类杆菌),厌氧球菌或皮肤引起的皮肤和皮肤结构感染肠球菌
-由铜绿假单胞菌,肠球菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的骨和关节感染

腹腔感染的常用儿科剂量

12岁或以上:每4至6小时分次服用200至300 mg / kg /天的静脉注射
最大剂量:18克/天

治疗时间
-大多数感染:平均7到10天
-妇科感染:3至10天

评论
-应以20至30分钟的输注形式给药
-治疗时间应以患者的临床和细菌学进展为指导;一些感染(例如,骨髓炎)可能需要更长的治疗时间。
-对于大多数急性感染,患者无症状后应继续治疗至少48至72小时。

用途:用于治疗严重感染,例如败血病,医院内肺炎,腹腔感染,有氧和厌氧妇科感染,皮肤和软组织感染
-大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌,肠杆菌,沙雷氏菌,奇异杆菌,肺炎链球菌,肠球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,拟杆菌,或厌氧球菌引起的败血病(包括菌血症)
-由于大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌属,肠杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,沙雷氏菌,流感嗜血杆菌,拟杆菌属或厌氧球菌引起的下呼吸道感染;尽管在囊性纤维化患者中看到改善,但可能无法持久消除细菌
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Joint Infection

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Osteomyelitis

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

皮肤或软组织感染的常用儿科剂量

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Septicemia

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

细菌感染的常用儿科剂量

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Skin and Structure Infection

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pelvic Infections

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Endometritis

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Nosocomial Pneumonia

12 years or older: 200 to 300 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 18 g/day

治疗时间
-Most infections: 7 to 10 days (average)
-Gynecologic infections: 3 to 10 days

评论
-Should be administered as a 20- to 30-minute infusion
-Duration of therapy should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, therapy should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.

Uses: For the treatment of serious infections such as septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, aerobic and anaerobic gynecologic infections, skin and soft tissue infections
-Septicemia (including bacteremia) due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, P mirabilis, S pneumoniae, enterococci, P aeruginosa, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci
-Lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci; although improvement seen in cystic fibrosis patients, may not achieve lasting bacterial eradication
-Intraabdominal infections (including hepatobiliary and surgical infections) due to E coli, P aeruginosa, enterococci, Clostridium species, anaerobic cocci, or Bacteroides species (including B fragilis)
-Gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic cellulitis) due to Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, N gonorrhoeae, or enterococci (E faecalis)
-Skin and skin structure infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, M morganii, P rettgeri, P vulgaris, P mirabilis, Bacteroides species (including B fragilis), anaerobic cocci, or enterococci
-Bone and joint infections due to P aeruginosa, enterococci, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Urinary Tract Infection

12 years or older :
Complicated UTI: 125 to 200 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 6 to 8 hours
Maximum dose: 16 g/day

Uncomplicated UTI: 100 to 125 mg/kg/day IM or IV in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours
Maximum dose: 8 g/day

Duration of therapy: 7 to 10 days (average)

Use: For the treatment of complicated and uncomplicated UTIs due to E coli, Klebsiella species, P aeruginosa, Proteus species (including P mirabilis), or enterococci

肺炎的常规儿科剂量

12 years or older: 100 to 125 mg/kg/day IM or IV in divided doses every 6 to 12 hours
Maximum dose: 8 g/day
Duration of therapy: 7 to 10 days (average)

评论
-Although improvement has been seen in cystic fibrosis patients, lasting bacterial eradication may not be achieved.

Uses: For the treatment of most community-acquired pneumonia; for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to E coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, P aeruginosa, Serratia species, H influenzae, Bacteroides species, or anaerobic cocci

Usual Pediatric Dose for Gonococcal Infection - Uncomplicated

12 years or older: 2 g IM once

评论
-Probenecid 1 g should be given orally 30 minutes prior to injection.
-Due to resistance, penicillins are not recommended by the US CDC for gonococcal infections.
-有关更多信息,请参考当前指南。

Use: For the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis due to N gonorrhoeae

肾脏剂量调整

成人
CrCl 20 to 40 mL/min :
-Complicated UTI: 3 g IV every 8 hours
-Uncomplicated UTI: No adjustment recommended.
-Severe systemic infection: 4 g IV every 8 hours

CrCl less than 20 mL/min :
-Complicated or uncomplicated UTI: 3 g IV every 12 hours
-Severe systemic infection: 4 g IV every 12 hours

评论
-For patients with renal failure, measurement of serum drug levels will provide additional guidance for adjusting dose.

肝剂量调整

数据不可用

评论
-For patients with liver dysfunction, measurement of serum drug levels will provide additional guidance for adjusting dose.

预防措施

未确定12岁以下患者的安全性和疗效。

有关其他预防措施,请参阅“警告”部分。

透析

成人
Hemodialysis :
-Severe systemic infection: 2 g IV every 8 hours

评论
-Because hemodialysis removes 30% to 50% of this drug in 4 hours, a supplemental dose of 1 g should be administered after each dialysis period.

其他的建议

行政建议
-May administer by IM injection, IV injection, or IV infusion; use IV route for serious infections.
-Administer IV injection slowly over 3 to 5 minutes (to help avoid vein irritation); administer IV infusion over about 20 to 40 minutes (or intermittent infusion over 30-minute to 2-hour period); discontinue primary IV solution during infusion of this drug.
-Limit IM injections to 2 g per injection site; this route of administration used primarily in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea and urinary tract infections.
-When indicated by clinical and bacteriological findings, may start therapy with 6 to 8 g/day IM (in divided doses); may consider IM administration for maintenance therapy after clinical and bacteriological improvement obtained with IV therapy
-Upper outer quadrant of the buttock (ie, gluteus maximus) is preferred site for IM injection; use deltoid area with caution only if well-developed (to avoid radial nerve injury); do not make IM injection into the lower or mid-third of the upper arm.
-Maximum adult dose usually 24 g/day; higher doses have been used.
-Duration of therapy for most infections average 7 to 10 days; duration of therapy for gynecologic infections 3 to 10 days; treatment duration should be guided by clinical and bacteriological progress of patient; some infections (eg, osteomyelitis) may require significantly longer treatment durations.
-For most acute infections, continue therapy for at least 48 to 72 hours after patient is asymptomatic.
-Maintain antibiotic therapy for S pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections) for at least 10 days to reduce risk of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis.
-For prophylaxis, administer as 20- to 30-minute infusion just prior to anesthesia (when possible); administration while patient is awake will aid detection of possible side effects during drug infusion.
-Effective prophylactic use depends on time of administration; administer 30 to 60 minutes before surgery so effective levels can be reached in the site before the procedure.
-Stop prophylactic use within 24 hours as continued antibiotic use increases risk of side effects but does not reduce rate of subsequent infections (in most surgical procedures).
-If coadminister with aminoglycoside, use both drugs in full therapeutic doses; use of this drug with aminoglycosides has been successful, particularly in patients with impaired host defenses.

储存要求
-Vials: Store between 15C and 30C (between 59F and 86F).

重构/准备技术
-应咨询制造商的产品信息。

IV兼容性
-Compatible diluents and IV solutions: Sterile Water for Injection, USP; 5% Dextrose Injection, USP;美国药典0.9%氯化钠注射液; 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP;乳酸林格氏注射液,美国药典
-Incompatible: Solutions containing only sodium bicarbonate; blood products

一般
-该药物用于治疗由于指定细菌的易感菌株而引起的严重感染。
-选择/修改抗菌疗法时应考虑文化和药敏信息;如果没有可用数据,则在选择经验疗法时应考虑局部流行病学和药敏模式。
-Appropriate culture and susceptibility testing recommended before therapy to isolate and identify infecting organisms and to establish susceptibility to this drug. Therapy may be started before test results are known; appropriate therapy should be continued when results are available.
-This drug is clinically effective for the treatment of infections at various sites due to Streptococcus species (including S pyogenes, S pneumoniae), but such infections are normally treated with more narrow-spectrum penicillins; because of its broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, this drug is especially useful for the treatment of mixed infections and as presumptive therapy before the causative organisms are identified.
-This drug may be used as single drug therapy in some situations where 2 antibiotics might typically be used.
-Sodium content is about 1.85 mEq (42.5 mg) per gram of drug; at usual recommended doses, patients would receive about 11.1 to 33.3 mEq/day (255 to 765 mg/day) of sodium.

监控
-Cardiovascular: Cardiac status in patients with impaired cardiac function (during prolonged therapy)
-General: Drug serum levels in patients with renal failure, liver dysfunction, or biliary tract obstruction; organ system function (periodically during prolonged therapy)
-Hematologic: Hematopoietic system function (periodically during prolonged therapy)
-Hepatic: Hepatic system function (periodically during prolonged therapy)
-Infections/Infestations: Syphilis serology in gonorrhea patients (at diagnosis and 3 months after therapy)
-Metabolic: Electrolytes in patients with low potassium reserves (periodically); electrolyte status in patients with impaired cardiac function (during prolonged therapy)
-Renal: Renal system function (periodically during prolonged therapy)

患者建议
-避免丢失剂量并完成整个治疗过程。

已知共有51种药物与哌拉西林相互作用。

  • 5种主要药物相互作用
  • 39种中等程度的药物相互作用
  • 7种次要药物相互作用

在数据库中显示可能与哌拉西林相互作用的所有药物。

检查互动

输入药物名称以检查与哌拉西林的相互作用。

最常检查的互动

查看下列药物相互作用的报告:哌拉西林和下列药物。

  • 乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)
  • 肾上腺素(肾上腺素)
  • 头孢曲松
  • 环丙沙星(环丙沙星)
  • 复方新诺明(磺胺甲基异恶唑/甲氧苄啶)
  • 考拉斯(博士)
  • 地美洛尔(哌啶)
  • Lasix(速尿)
  • Lovenox(依诺肝素)
  • Nexium(艾美拉唑)
  • 诺华(氨氯地平)
  • 扑热息痛(对乙酰氨基酚)
  • Plavix(氯吡格雷)
  • Protonix(pan托拉唑)
  • 螺旋藻(噻托溴铵)
  • 他唑巴坦
  • 万古霉素
  • 维生素B1(硫胺素)
  • 维生素B12(氰钴胺)
  • 维生素B6(吡rid醇)
  • 维生素K(植物二酮)
  • 佐夫兰(奥丹西酮)
  • 佐辛(哌拉西林/他唑巴坦)

哌拉西林酒精/食物相互作用

哌拉西林与酒精/食物有1种相互作用

哌拉西林疾病相互作用

与哌拉西林有7种疾病相互作用,包括:

  • 结肠炎
  • 凝血异常
  • 肾功能不全
  • 血液透析
  • 囊性纤维化
  • 癫痫发作
  • 钠/钾

药物相互作用分类

这些分类只是一个准则。特定药物相互作用与特定个体之间的相关性很难确定。在开始或停止任何药物治疗之前,请务必咨询您的医疗保健提供者。
重大的具有高度临床意义。避免组合;互动的风险大于收益。
中等具有中等临床意义。通常避免组合;仅在特殊情况下使用。
次要临床意义不大。降低风险;评估风险并考虑使用替代药物,采取措施规避相互作用风险和/或制定监测计划。
未知没有可用的互动信息。